PubMed · 14428246
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A ODA. 1959. Studies on paper complement fixation test.. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1348-0421.1959.tb00099.x
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Although substance identification is a key factor in analytical toxicology, it is amazing that the subject is receiving very limited and often inappropriate attention. With regard to the latter, a "confirmation" approach is usually chosen, which does not yield unambiguous identification. Moreover, the criteria for establishing a "positive match" leave much to be desired. These observations are corroborated when comparing some recent guidelines for qualitative analysis (issued for various forensic areas by SOFT/AAFS, NCCLS, NLCP, WADA and EU). Apart from showing substantial differences between them on pivotal issues, the guidelines contain various elements that appear scientifically incorrect and/or legally untenable. Also, the guidelines focus primarily on mass spectrometry (MS) and pay little or no attention to other identification possibilities (such as chromatographic techniques, either in combination with MS or as stand-alone techniques. Moreover, they do not offer alternatives in situations where access to MS is not available. One must conclude, therefore, that substance identification is a neglected and misunderstood domain in analytical toxicology. Rapid and concerted actions are needed to: (1) improve the general knowledge; (2) to define uniform strategies in the analytical approach and in the interpretation of the results; and (3) to set up and maintain suitable banks of reference substances and computerized data bases to allow unambiguous identification.
The frequent contamination of food and feed with trichothecene mycotoxins, the high consumption of these products, and the potential risk associated herewith, has led to an increasing public awareness and therefore to the establishment of measures to control trichothecene contamination. The analytical difficulty and the economic importance of controlling trichothecenes in food and feed support the need for certified reference materials (CRMs) and validated methods. They form invaluable tools to ensure comparability and traceability in analytical measurements and are very useful for the implementation of written standards, legislation/regulations and laboratory accreditation. The present paper provides an overview of previous work, current strategies and prospectives for the production of CRMs and validation of analytical methods in the field of trichothecene analysis. Additional information is given on methodological demands, normative frameworks and commonly accepted procedures.
A novel non-destructive sampling approach is described for the identification of food matrices contaminated with deoxynivalenol and other mycotoxins. This technique is different from currently applied sampling procedures for this purpose and is based on the principle that surface material from the tested goods is collected on a filter and brought to chemical or spectroscopic analysis. This approach has been applied to several matrices and mycotoxins, with a focus on those mycotoxin-matrix combinations that are of main relevance due to current or future legislation. Tests were carried out with a facility that has been shown to be suitable to process large quantities of materials at points of transaction, such as harbour. Further experiments with a small sampling lance prototype showed that analytical results from the chemical analysis of the tested goods can be correlated with the results obtained with this novel sampling procedure.