PubMed · 14448445
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P BALLA. 1960. [Aerosinusitis].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14448445/
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BACKGROUND: The low oxygen environment during air travel may result in hypoxia in patients with respiratory disease. However, little information exists on the oxygen requirements of infants with respiratory disease planning to fly. A study was undertaken to identify the clinical factors predictive of an in-flight oxygen requirement from a retrospective review of hypoxia challenge tests (inhalation of 14-15% oxygen for 20 minutes) in infants referred for fitness to fly assessment. METHODS: Data from 47 infants (median corrected age 1.4 months) with a history of neonatal lung disease but not receiving supplemental oxygen at the time of hypoxia testing are reported. The neonatal and current clinical information of the infants were analysed in terms of their ability to predict the hypoxia test results. RESULTS: Thirty eight infants (81%) desaturated below 85% and warranted prescription of supplemental in-flight oxygen. Baseline oxygen saturation was >95% in all infants. Age at the time of the hypoxia test, either postmenstrual or corrected, significantly predicted the outcome of the hypoxia test (odds ratio 0.82; 95% confidence intervals 0.62 to 0.95; p = 0.005). Children passing the hypoxia test were significantly older than those requiring in-flight oxygen (median corrected age (10-90th centiles) 12.7 (3.0-43.4) v 0 (-0.9-10.9) months; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: A high proportion of ex-preterm infants not currently requiring supplemental oxygen referred for fitness-to-fly assessment and less than 12 months corrected age are at a high risk of requiring in-flight oxygen. Referral of this patient group for fitness to fly assessment including a hypoxia test may be indicated.
UNLABELLED: The possible adverse health effects of cosmic radiation remains an important topic in the consultation of aviators and frequent flyers. A good number of articles, dealing with this questions have been published recently but produced controversial results. METHODS: We performed a Medline database search and identified 20 relevant articles that were published between 1990 and 2003. There were one retro-/prospective, 13 retrospective, 3 prospective cohort studies and 3 metaanalysis reviewed. Sixteen studies were set in the civil aviation environment, two studies in the military aviation environment and two studies were set in both environments. RESULTS: Seven out of nine studies found an identical or decreased over-all-risk for aviators to develop cancer of any kind compared to the general population. In re- gards to skin cancer, seven out of eight studies found an increased risk for aviators to develop malignant melanoma, basalioma or other kinds of skin cancer. Three studies found an increased risk for the development of prostate cancer and two studies were able to demonstrate a higher risk for the appearance of leukaemia. CONCLUSIONS: Although our review found some studies, that identified higher risks for pilots to develop cancer of the skin, prostate cancer or leukaemia, there is not enough scientific evidence to support the hypothesis, that cosmic radiation is the cause for these findings. It shows to be important to include other factors in the interpretation of the results, since some of the findings may be well explained by life-style factors of the aviation community.
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