PubMed · 1462347
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A Heijn. 1992-12-01. [Pannus].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1462347/
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Several imidazolylphenyl sulfamate and (imidazolylphenoxy)alkyl sulfamate derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as topically active carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Water solubility, pKa, carbonic anhydrase inhibition, and partition coefficient for the compounds were measured. Sulfamic acid 2-[4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenoxy]ethyl ester monohydrochloride (16) has the best combination of properties and showed excellent topical activity in lowering the intraocular pressure in New Zealand white rabbits.
The success rate of filtration surgery has been increased by the postoperative subconjunctival injection of 5-fluorouracil, a potent antimetabolite. However, the optimal route of administration has not been determined. Trabeculectomy was performed on one eye each of 14 patients. Topical 5-fluorouracil was applied intraoperatively (50 mg/ml for five minutes) and subconjunctival 5-fluorouracil was injected postoperatively (an average of 5.8 injections) (mean total dose, 29 mg). Seven of the 14 eyes had primary open-angle glaucoma, and seven eyes had open-angle glaucoma with either uveitis, aphakia, or previous failed trabeculectomy. Mean preoperative intraocular pressure was 24.7 mm Hg during treatment with an average of three antiglaucoma medications, and mean final intraocular pressure was 11.9 mm Hg during treatment with an average of 0.2 medication. Thirteen of 14 eyes (93%) had final intraocular pressure of 18 mm Hg or less. Mean follow-up was 6.4 months (range, four to nine months). No remarkable complications occurred. Visual acuity remained stable in 13 of 14 eyes (93%). Intraoperative 5-fluorouracil may be a helpful adjunct in achieving low final intraocular pressure after trabeculectomy.
Benzocaine-based anesthetic sprays are commonly used in sheep to anesthetize the nasal passages and glottis before intubation. Sprays containing benzocaine have been identified as causing methemoglobinemia in dogs, cats, and human beings. Diagnosis of benzocaine-induced methemoglobinemia was made in 8 Dorset-Finn ewes exposed to a 2-second burst of (approx 56 to 112 mg of benzocaine) anesthetic spray. Venous blood samples taken 10 to 20 minutes after intranasal application of the spray revealed methemoglobinemia of 22.6 +/- 1.8% (mean +/- SD) in 9 samples from 8 ewes. Four other ewes intentionally exposed did not have methemoglobinemia. Topical use of benzocaine-containing anesthetics in sheep is not recommended. The high methemoglobin concentration induced by this product may substantially alter the cardiovascular and pulmonary function, blood gas analyses, and exercise capacity, thereby compromising animal health and/or research results. Although it appears that minimal clinical signs are induced in healthy animals, the risks of compromising a subclinically ill animal do not offset the benefits of this product.