PubMed · 14845266
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M CARA. 1951-04-01. [Practical note on an elementary function test].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14845266/
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Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been applied to investigate kidney oxygenation in human patients. These investigations reflect the progress of radiology from a primarily anatomic discipline to one that provides insight into tissue physiology. In particular, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is non-invasive, uses no ionizing radiation, and provides insight into disease development and tissue physiology.
Haloferax mediterranei cells are able to use high nitrate or nitrite concentrations as electron acceptors under anoxic conditions. The nar operon, which has eight open reading frames, has been sequenced and its regulation has been characterized at the transcriptional level. The narG and narH genes encode the Nar (respiratory nitrate reductase) catalytic subunit (NarG) and the electron transfer Nar subunit (NarH) respectively. Nar has been purified and characterized in vitro. This characterization has included protein-film voltammetry and preliminary EPR studies.
The physiological activity of a significant subset of cell proteins is modified by the redox state of regulatory thiols. The cellular redox homeostasis depends on the balance between oxidation of thiols through oxygen and reactive oxygen species and reduction by thiol-disulfide transfer reactions. Novel and improved methodology has been designed during recent years to address the level of thiol/disulfide regulation on a genome-wide scale. The approaches are either based on gel electrophoresis or on chromatographic techniques coupled to high end mass spectrometry. The review addresses diagonal 2D-SDS-PAGE, targeted identification of specific redox-interactions, affinity chromatography with thioredoxins and glutaredoxins, gel-based and non-gel based labelling techniques with fluorophores (such as Cy3, Cy5, ICy), radioisotopes, or with isotope-coded affinity tags (ICAT), differential gel electrophoresis (DIGE) and combined fractional diagonal chromatography (COFRADIC). The extended methodological repertoire promises fast and new insight into the intricate regulation network of the redox proteome of animals, bacteria, and plants.