PubMed · 14873946
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M J SURGALLA, J L KADAVY, M S BERGDOLL, G M DACK. Staphylococcal enterotoxin: production methods.. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis%2F89.2.180
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The presence of staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) genes (seg, seh, sei, and sej) and the correlation of their prevalence with the genotypes were studied in 100 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of SE genes indicated that 39% of the isolates were enterotoxigenic. Thirty-seven percent of the total isolates were seg positive, whereas 24% and 4% were sei and seh positive, respectively. All isolates containing sei were positive for seg, whereas sej gene was not detected. Genotyping by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the aroA gene revealed that 39% of the isolates were type A and 11% were type B, and 50% displayed a novel (N) genotype. The presence of the enterotoxin genes was independent (P < 0.05) of the genotypes of the tested S. aureus isolates. This study has demonstrated that the seg was the most dominant enterotoxin gene and that the enterotoxigenic Jordanian S. aureus isolates belong to different genotypes, and N genotype was predominant.
Infections are the major complication among patients on left ventricular device (LVAD) support. One mechanism that may explain the elevated incidence of infection is a deficiency in cellular immunity after LVAD placement. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated the in vitro T-cell-proliferative and cytokine response following challenge with staphylococcal enterotoxin B in 14 LVAD and 6 non-LVAD stable outpatients awaiting heart transplantation. Clinical outcome was followed for 12 months. Clinical outcome was poorer (P < .05) for LVAD vs non-LVAD patients. T-cell-proliferative response was lower (P = .002) for LVAD vs non-LVAD patients. Th1 cytokine expression was lower (P < .05) and Th2 cytokine expression was higher (P < .05) for LVAD vs non-LVAD patients. We conclude that LVAD recipients are hyporesponsive to superantigen challenge, indicating a depressed cellular immunity that may contribute to their increased susceptibility to infections.
A total of 100 Jordanian clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolates was analysed for the presence of the enterotoxin genes sea, seb, sec, sed and see using multiplex PCR. Twenty-three isolates (23 %) were potentially enterotoxigenic. The prevalence of sea, sec and sea plus sec among the total clinical isolates was 15, 4 and 4 %, respectively. None of the isolates harboured sed, seb or see genes. S. aureus isolates were subjected to DNA fingerprinting by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis to test whether isolates harbouring the toxin genes were genetically clustered. A total of 13 genotypes was identified at a 47 % similarity level. Genotypes I and V accounted for the largest number of enterotoxigenic isolates (19 %). This study has demonstrated the genetic diversity of Jordanian clinical S. aureus isolates and shown that the presence of the toxin genes is not genotype specific.