PubMed · 14874479
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1951-10-13. HYPERABDUCTION syndrome.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14874479/
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Experiments using functional neuroimaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation in humans have revealed regions of the parietal lobes that are specialized for particular visuomotor actions, such as reaching, grasping and eye movements. In addition, the human parietal cortex is recruited by processing and perception of action-related information, even when no overt action occurs. Such information can include object shape and orientation, knowledge about how tools are employed and the understanding of actions made by other individuals. We review the known subregions of the human posterior parietal cortex and the principles behind their organization.
Bronchopulmonary foregut malformations are a group of rare congenital anomalies affecting the respiratory and upper gastrointestinal tract. The rarity of these cases means their embryological origin continues to be a source of controversy. We present the case of a female infant, born at term with a malformed right arm, an absent right kidney and aplasia of the right lung. Although initially asymptomatic she presented at 5 months of age in severe respiratory distress. An upper gastro-intestinal contrast study demonstrated a right broncho-esophageal fistula. At surgical resection it was discovered that the right main bronchus ended abruptly just beyond the carina, with total aplasia of the right lung. A bronchoesophageal fistula originating from the lower third of the esophagus communicated with a sequestered right lobe. The lobe was removed and the fistula ligated. The infant remains well 13 months post surgery. This represents only the twelfth case of this rare form of bronchopulmonary foregut malformation. The associated renal and limb malformations make this case unique and may add weight to the theory that the underlying insult to the developing lung is vascular in origin.
Segmental myoclonus is described as the involuntary contractions of contiguous muscles innerved by the brain stem or by spinal cord. The underlying causes of segmental myoclonus in children are demyelinating diseases and intrinsic tumors. Here, we report a case who was presented with segmental myoclonus on his left arm and later diagnosed as atypical monosymptomatic presentation of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). The case represents the first in the literature in which ADEM is considered as the possible cause of segmental myoclonus. Our findings demonstrate that: (i) in focal movement disorders such as segmental myoclonus, a careful neuroradiological examination of the neuroanatomical region for the possible presence of organic lesions might be rewarding, (ii) ADEM might be one of the potentially reversible causes of myoclonus.