PubMed · 15086225
The source did not provide an abstract. Follow the original record for more information.
Explore connections, maps & timelines
Warren R Selman. 2004. Vasospasm.. https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.2004.100.2.0208
Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.
KEEP EXPLORING
The susceptibility of 3233 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, isolated primarily in 2001, as agents of infection at 37 medical institutes with various specialties in seven regions of Japan (ranging from Hokkaido to Kyushu/Okinawa), to 18 antipseudomonal agents known to be active against P. aeruginosa was evaluated, in accordance with the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) guidelines. Of the 18 antipseudomonal agents, including some combinations of beta-lactamase inhibitors and antibacterial agents, ciprofloxacin had the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)(50) (0.25 microg/ml) against P. aeruginosa, followed by meropenem, with an MIC(50) of 0.5 microg/ml. The MIC(50) of 7 of the examined antibacterial agents (ceftazidime, cefozopran, imipenem, biapenem, gentamicin, tobramycin, and levofloxacin) was between 1 and 2 microg/ml. Among the antipseudomonal agents tested, tobramycin showed the lowest MIC(90) (2 microg/ml), which was not significantly different from its MIC(50) (1 microg/ml). The MIC(90) of the other antibacterial agents examined ranged from 8 to 64 microg/ml and more. The susceptibility of the 3233 strains to the 12 antibacterial agents covered by the NCCLS guidelines was determined according to the standard method of the NCCLS guidelines. The frequency of strains resistant to meropenem, gentamicin, or tobramycin was relatively low (7.5%-8.3%). The frequency of strains showing intermediate to severe resistance to tobramycin was particularly low (8.0%). The frequency of strains resistant to aztreonam, imipenem, or levofloxacin was 16.7%-19.0%, about twice as high as the frequency of strains resistant to tobramycin. The susceptibility pattern of the 3233 strains (isolated from seven regions of Japan) to five antibacterial agents (ceftazidime, piperacillin, imipenem, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin) was evaluated in relation to the regions from which they were isolated. The MIC(50) values of these antibacterial agents did not differ significantly among the regions. However, the MIC(90) values of ceftazidime and gentamicin were higher for strains isolated from the Kansai region than for strains isolated from other regions. The MIC(90) of ciprofloxacin was higher for strains isolated from the Tohoku, Kansai, and Kyushu/Okinawa regions than for strains isolated from other regions. Of the 3233 strains, 89 were classified as multiple-drug-resistant (imipenem, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin) strains. Of these 89 strains, 42 were isolated from urine, 17 from sputum or pharyngeal mucus, 13 from pus, 8 from blood, 1 from cerebrospinal fluid, and 8 from other specimens. The frequency of multiple-drug-resistant strains was higher among strains isolated from the Tohoku and Kansai regions than in strains isolated from other regions.
BACKGROUND: Tetranectin (TN) is a 67 kDa glycoprotein thought to play a prominent role in the regulation of proteolytic processes via its binding to plasminogen and indirect activation of plasminogen. The TN concentration in serum is approximately 10 mg/l and is reduced in patients with several cancers. The TN concentration in the normal CSF has not been examined. METHODS: The TN concentration in the serum and CSF of 47 normal subjects without neurological disorders was established using a polyclonal sandwich ELISA. RESULTS: The median TN concentration (quartile range) was 10.8 mg/l (9.0-12.1) in serum and 0.43 mg/l (0.3-0.53) in CSF. The TN index median (quartile range), defined as (TN CSF concentration/TN serum concentration)/(Albumin CSF concentration/Albumin serum concentration), was found to be 5.5 (4.7-7.6), suggesting intrathecal synthesis or selective uptake of TN in CNS. Immunohistochemistry showed TN immunoreactivity in neurons and dendrites, but no staining in glial cells in the cerebrum and cerebellum. In plexus choroideus, the ependymal cells exhibited strong immunoreactivity. TN in serum and CSF were immunochemically identical and of similar size. CONCLUSION: TN is present in normal brain and CSF, and the TN index is very high, but further studies are necessary to decide whether TN is synthesised in the CNS or selectively transported over the blood-brain barrier.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-associated nervous system disorders have been described with increasing frequency in the literature, but definitive conclusions regarding their pathogenesis is for the most part lacking. Best established are complications due to cryoglobulinemia, vasculitis, and thrombosis, in which focal disturbances of peripheral nerve or brain function are seen. Rarer are cases of inflammatory encephalitis and/or myelitis similar to other flaviviral infections. A body of literature detailing cognitive abnormalities is accumulating; still unclear is whether these neuropsychologic effects are due specifically to HCV or to other processes associated with HCV infection. HCV has been localized to the central nervous system; much of its basic neurobiology remains to be described and awaits further correlation with clinical abnormalities.