PubMed · 15202743
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Bruce A Matis. 2004. Bleaching agents.. https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2004.0227
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Concern has been expressed regarding the adverse effects of peroxide-containing tooth bleaching agents on enamel surface. This study examined enamel average surface roughness before (baseline) and after an in-office bleaching protocol and investigated the influence of high concentrations of carbamide peroxide gels on its surface staining and morphology. Flat enamel surfaces were submitted to 35 and 37% carbamide peroxide or to no bleaching treatment (n = 10) and evaluated with a profilometer. Eight specimens from each group were randomly selected and immersed in a 2% methylene blue solution. Afterwards, specimens were ground into powder and prepared for the spectrophotometric analysis. Two remained specimens of each group were examined using a scanning electron microscope. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and Tukey test (P > 0.05). Baseline roughness average was statistically similar for all groups, however, 35% carbamide peroxide produced the roughest enamel surfaces. Different concentrations of carbamide peroxide produced similar staining means and enamel surface morphological alterations.
Dental bleaching represents an effective, conservative, and relatively low-cost method for improving the appearance of discolored pulpless teeth. Among the bleaching techniques, the walking bleach technique with sodium perborate associated with water or hydrogen peroxide stands out because of its esthetic results and safety. A modified walking bleach technique with the use of 37% carbamide peroxide as the bleaching agent is presented. Additionally, the adverse effects of dental bleaching in the following restorative procedures are discussed, showing the advantages with the use of 37% carbamide peroxide.
In this study, the effects of home bleaching agents that contains carbamide peroxide (in different concentrations such as 10 and 15%) on the surface hardness of human enamel and dentine were evaluated. The buccal surfaces of 90 recently extracted human mandibular anterior teeth were used. The specimens in the dentine group were ground to expose of dentine surface. Then, samples in both enamel and dentine group were randomly divided into six main groups with 15 in each group. In the group 1 and 4, 15% carbamide peroxide was applied to the enamel and dentine surfaces and then the teeth were left in an incubator at 37 degrees C and 100% humidity for 4 h first, then left 28 h after repeating the same procedures seven times. The teeth were treated with 10% carbamide peroxide in groups 2 and 5 and distilled water in groups 3 and 6 (control groups), using the same procedures. Vicker's microhardness of enamel and dentine were assessed on each tooth before and after each treatment period (4 and 28 h). The hardness of control group specimens was also obtained after 4 h in distilled water and then after 28 h. For statistical analysis one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey tests were used. For both 10 and 15%, there were no statistically significant differences between the untreated control specimens and the specimens treated with the bleaching materials for enamel and dentine at any given measurement time (P > 0.05). Nevertheless, in vivo use of bleaching agents on tooth hard tissues requires further analysis.