PubMed · 15237074
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John DiTraglia. 2004. Bronchiolitis.. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.158.7.707-a
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While resistance exercise (REX) reduces ankle extensor (AE) mass and strength deficits during short-term unloading; additional treatments, concurrently administered with REX, are required to attenuate the greater losses seen with longer unloading periods. Subjects performed left leg REX, which otherwise refrained from ambulatory and weight-bearing activity for 40 days, while randomized to a capsule (placebo, albuterol) dosing regimen with no crossover to note whether albuterol helps REX mitigate unloading-induced AE losses. A third group of subjects served as unloaded controls. On days 0, 20, and 40, the following data were collected from the left leg: calf cross-sectional area and AE strength measures. Cross-sectional area was estimated using anthropometric methodology, whereas AE strength data were obtained from eight unilateral calf-press repetitions on an inertial-based REX device. Repeated-measures mixed-factorial 3 x 3 analyses of covariance, with day 0 values as a covariate, revealed group x time interactions for the strength variables eccentric total work (ETW) and average power (EAP). Tukey's honestly significant difference shows REX-placebo subjects incurred significant ETW and EAP losses by day 40, whereas the REX-albuterol treatment evoked strength gains to those same variables without concurrent muscle accretion. Corresponding concentric variables did not display similar changes. Day 40 control data significantly declined for many variables; relative to the REX-albuterol treatment, some losses were significant after 20 days. ETW and EAP gains to unloaded AE may be due to one or more mechanisms. Continued research identifying mechanisms responsible for such changes, as well as the safety of REX-albuterol administration in other models, is warranted.
Suitable HPLC methods for the direct separation of bambuterol and albuterol enantiomers were developed. The enantioseparation was tested on numerous commercial chiral HPLC columns. For bambuterol the most convenient separation was determined on amylose Chiralpak AD column, and for albuterol on vancomycine Chirobiotic V column. The mobile phase compositions were systematically studied to obtain the optimal chromatographic methods. Validation of methods in selected conditions shows that the chosen methods are selective and precise with linear response of detector for both pairs of enantiomers.
The present study was performed to evaluate the effects of salmeterol xynaphoate on ciliary beat frequency (CBF) of nasal epithelium and on rheological parameters of tracheobronchial mucus. We studied 10 steady-state COPD patients, eight patients with community-acquired pneumonia and eight healthy subjects as controls. They underwent a nasal brushing of the inferior turbinate to study the CBF in basal conditions and following application of salmeterol at 10(-5), 10(-6), 10(-7) and 10(-8) M concentrations directly to the epithelial samples. We also collected sputum samples, in COPD patients only, by the technique for "protected expectoration" for the rheological assessment in basal conditions and following addition of salmeterol at 10(-5), 10(-6), 10(-7) and 10(-8) M concentrations. Only samples with basal viscosity values higher than 2000 mPa/s were admitted. Our results confirmed previous studies that demonstrate a ciliostimulating effect induced by salmeterol. The mean basal CBF was 11.18 +/- 0.75 Hz in control subjects, while the pathological subjects showed a markedly lower basal values: 8.64 +/- 0.88 Hz (p = 0.000) and 8.83 +/- 0.68 Hz (p = 0.000), in COPD and pneumonia patients, respectively. Salmeterol induced ciliostimulation in both patients groups as well as the healthy controls. The maximum increase in CBF, highly significant, was obtained at 10(-6) M concentrations of salmeterol, while this effect decreased at lower concentrations. Regarding the action of salmeterol on rheological parameters, a direct effect of salmeterol on mucus cannot been demonstrated and the described beneficial clinical effects on mucociliary clearance occurring in vivo are probably related to an indirect effect of stimulation of ciliary beat. This preliminary study suggests that, in addition to COPD, salmeterol could be a useful therapeutic agent in pneumonia also, for its positive effect on ciliary movement other than bronchodilation, but this finding needs further investigations.