PubMed · 15430609
The source did not provide an abstract. Follow the original record for more information.
Explore connections, maps & timelines
H CHAPRON. 1950. [Obstetric notes].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15430609/
Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.
KEEP EXPLORING
For the first time in Europe, the "Meconium Project" aimed to estimate the prevalence of drug use by pregnant women and the effects of exposure to illicit drugs during pregnancy on the fetus and infant. Between October 2002 and February 2004, 1151 (79%) dyads among the 1439 mother-infant dyads from the Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain, met eligibility criteria and agreed to participate in the study. We present preliminary results on the first 830 meconium samples and 549 mother-infant dyads, for which statistical analysis of socio-economic and demographic characteristics and newborn somatometry was completed. The meconium analysis showed an overall 7.9% positivity for drugs of abuse, with 6-monoacetylmorphine and cocaine being the analytes, most frequently found in samples positive for opiates and cocaine. Structured interview disclosed 1.3, 1.8 and 1.3% of mothers exposed to opiates, cocaine and both drugs, while only one mother declared ecstasy consumption. Meconium analysis showed that prevalence of opiates, cocaine and combined drugs exposure was 8.7, 4.4 and 2.2%, respectively, and confirmed the case of ecstasy use. Arecoline, the main areca nut alkaloid, was found in meconium specimens from four Asiatic newborns, whose mothers declared beetle nut consumption during pregnancy. Parental ethnicity was not associated with drug use, nor was the social class, although a higher tendency toward drug consumption was observed in professional and partly skilled mothers. Drug consuming mothers showed a higher number of previous pregnancies and abortions (p<0.05) when compared to non-consumer mothers (meconium negative test), probably due to a lack of family planning. Consumption of opiates and cocaine during pregnancy was associated with active tobacco smoking, a higher number of smoked cigarettes and cannabis use. Exposure status and smoking behavior correlated with significantly lower birth weight in newborns from mothers exposed only to cocaine and to opiates and cocaine simultaneously. Of the four newborns exposed to arecoline, one showed a low birth weight, low intrauterine growth, hyporeflexia and hypotonia.
BACKGROUND: The association between maternal age and risk of Down syndrome has been repeatedly shown in various populations. However, the effect of paternal age and education of parents has not been frequently studied. Comparative studies on Down syndrome are also rare. This study evaluates the epidemiological characteristics of Down syndrome in two culturally and socially contrasting population settings, in California and the Czech Republic. METHODS: The observed live birth prevalence of Down syndrome was studied among all newborns in the California counties monitored by California Birth Defects Monitoring Program from 1996 to 1997, and in the whole Czech Republic from 1994 to 1998. Logistic regression was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: A total of 516,745 (California) and 475,834 (the Czech Republic) infants were included in the analysis. Among them, 593 and 251, respectively, had Down syndrome. The mean maternal age of children with Down syndrome was 32.1 years in California and 26.9 years in the Czech Republic. Children born to older mothers were at greater risk of Down syndrome in both populations. The association with paternal age was mostly explained by adjusting for maternal age, but remained significant in the Czech Republic. The association between maternal education and Down syndrome was much stronger in California than in the Czech Republic but parental age influences higher occurrence of Down syndrome both in California and in the Czech Republic. CONCLUSION: The educational gradient in California might reflect selective impact of prenatal diagnosis, elective termination, and acceptance of prenatal diagnostic measures in Californian population.
When the number of potential controls is large relative to the number of available cases, or when little effort needs to be expended in collecting the relevant information on the controls, we often apply multiple matching to attain the validity or increase the efficiency of our inference in epidemiological studies. In this paper, we focus interval estimation on the difference in proportions for m-to-one matching. We consider four asymptotic interval estimators, including the estimator directly using the Mantel-Haenszel (MH) point estimator, the estimator using the tanh(-1)(x) transformation, the estimator derived from the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel (CMH) test statistic, and the estimator derived from the quadratic inequality developed in this paper. To evaluate and compare the performance of these estimators, we employ Monte Carlo simulation. We find that the estimator directly using the MH estimator can have the coverage probability less than the desired confidence level when the number of matched sets is small. We note that the estimator derived from the quadratic inequality can perform well when the underlying difference is close to 0 even for a small number of matched sets. However, this estimator tends to have the coverage probability less than the desired confidence level as well when the underlying difference in proportions is large. By contrast, the estimator using the CMH statistic tends to have the coverage probability larger than the desired confidence level when the underlying difference is small. We also find that the estimator using the tanh(-1)(x) transformation consistently outperforms the interval estimator directly using the MH estimator. We use the data regarding the association between induced abortions and ectopic pregnancy to illustrate the use of these estimators.