PubMed · 15439268
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V A BAILEY, D LANDECKER. 1950-08-12. Electromagneto-ionic waves.. https://doi.org/10.1038/166259a0
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The ability to maintain intact ribosomes in the mass spectrometer has enabled research into their changes in conformation and interactions. In the mass spectrometer, it is possible to induce dissociation of proteins from the intact ribosome and, in conjunction with atomic structures, to understand the factors governing their release. We have applied this knowledge to interpret the structural basis for release of proteins from ribosomes for which no high resolution structures are available, such as complexes with elongation factor G and ribosomes from yeast. We also describe how improvements in technology and understanding have widened the scope of our research and lead to dramatic improvements in quality and information available from spectra of intact ribosomes.
A new sorbent (raw rice bran) was investigated for heavy metal ions removal from aqueous solutions. Rice bran characterisation was carried out in order to identify the functional groups possibly involved in the metal binding. The binding process was studied in terms of binding capacity and metal affinity. The adsorption equilibrium was well described by the Freundlich isotherm model. The negative Gibbs free energy values obtained in this study with rice bran confirm the feasibility of the process and the spontaneous nature of sorption.
The delayed ion extraction method has been used to study characteristics of the initial velocity distributions of positive and negative ions produced simultaneously by laser desorption/ionization (LDI) from non-impacted single aerosol polymeric particles, using a bipolar time-of-flight (TOF) instrument (LAMPAS 2). Due to the geometry of the setup and the characteristics of the ablation process, only the projections of the velocities on the axis of the mass spectrometer can be directly studied. Additionally, since the mean initial velocity under these conditions should be close to zero, it was necessary to extend the method by taking into account higher order contributions of the velocity distribution. Theoretical expressions for these higher order terms are presented and discussed. The bipolar characteristics of the instrument permit evaluation and treatment of a possible instrumental artifact caused by small inclinations of the ionizing laser with respect to the ideal incidence direction. Results of a number of experiments are presented and discussed in relation to the theoretical expressions presented, and to possible ablation scenarios. Evidence pointing out that, under our experimental conditions, only partial ablation of the latex particles occurs was obtained. The variance of the distribution of the projection of the initial velocities can be directly estimated from these results. By assuming that the total initial velocities of the ions are developed completely according to a single-temperature adiabatic expansion mechanism, temperatures of approximately 50 K/Da can be assigned to the ion clouds from the variance estimations. If a two-temperature model is used, a radial temperature of about 100 K/Da results. These values are in reasonable agreement with results for polymer ablation from the literature.