PubMed · 15445186
The source did not provide an abstract. Follow the original record for more information.
Explore connections, maps & timelines
C C CLARK, J D HARDY. 1961-03-29. Gravity problems in manned space stations.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15445186/
Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.
KEEP EXPLORING
This paper describes a new method to quantitatively measure the flow characteristics of unconfined cohesive powders in a rotating drum. Cohesion plays an important role, affecting flow properties/characteristics, mixing rates, and segregation tendencies. The method relies on measuring the change in center of mass of the powder bed as it avalanches in the vessel, using a load cell that is sampled continuously. Filtering and analysis of the signal is done using Fast-Fourier transform into the frequency domain, where noise is eliminated using signal processing methods. The filtered data is transformed back to the time domain by using an inverse Fast-Fourier transform to give quantitative information on the powder flow characteristics. In order to understand the nature of the forces controlling powder flow behavior, a computational model was developed to estimate the relationship between inter-particle cohesive strength and experimental measurements. A "flow index" generated by the method correlates well with the degree of bed expansion (dynamic dilation) of the cohesive powders. The flow index also predicts the dynamics of flow through hoppers. As the flow index increases it becomes increasingly difficult for the powder to flow through the hoppers.
"Distribution of blood flow in isolated lung; relation to vascular and alveolar pressures" by J. B. West, C. T. Dollery, and A. Naimark (J Appl Physiol 19: 713-724, 1964) is a classic paper, although it has not yet been included in the Essays on the American Physiological Society Classic Papers Project (http://www.the-aps.org/publications/classics/). This is the paper that originally described the "zones of the lung." The final figure in the paper, which synthesizes the results and discussion, is now seen in most textbooks of physiology or respiratory physiology. The paper is also a model of clear, concise writing. The paper and its final figure can be used to teach or review a number of physiological concepts. These include the effects of gravity on pulmonary blood flow and pulmonary vascular resistance; recruitment and distention of pulmonary vessels; the importance of the transmural pressure on the diameter of collapsible distensible vessels; the Starling resistor; the interplay of the pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, and alveolar pressures; and the vascular waterfall. In addition, the figure can be used to generate discovery learning and discussion of several physiological or pathophysiological effects on pulmonary vascular resistance and the distribution of pulmonary blood flow.
This paper experimentally quantifies the reorientation of the liquid-liquid interface between fluids of different densities flowing side-by-side in pressure-driven laminar flow in microchannels. A gravity-induced pressure mismatch at the interface will gradually drive the denser fluid to occupy the lower portion of the microchannel. The rate of this process is expected to depend on the interplay of viscous forces--which tend to dominate at the microscale-and inertial and gravitational forces. A correlation that relates the position of such a liquid-liquid interface to physical variables and channel dimensions was derived. The extent of reorientation of the streams was then related to two dimensionless numbers: Fr, the square root of the ratio of inertial to gravitational forces; and Re/Fr2, the ratio of gravitational to viscous forces. Further analysis showed that the reorientation of the streams depends only on the gravitational and viscous forces, but not inertia. The quantitative description of the position of the interface between liquids of different densities described in this paper aids in the rational design of the rapidly growing number of microchemical systems that utilize multistream laminar flow for performing spatially resolved chemistry and biology inside microfluidic channels.