PubMed · 15458154
Elastically deformable 3D organs for haptic surgical simulation.
Abstract
This paper describes a technique for incorporating real-time elastically deformable 3D organs in haptic surgical simulators. Our system is a physically based particle model utilizing a mass-springs-damper connectivity with an implicit predictor to speed up calculations during each time step. The solution involves repeated application of Newton's 2ndd Law of motion: F = ma using an implicit solver for numerically solving the differential equations.
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Roger Webster, Randy Haluck, Rob Ravenscroft, Betty Mohler, Eric Crouthamel, Tyson Frack, Steve Terlecki, Jeremy Sheaffer. 2002. Elastically deformable 3D organs for haptic surgical simulation.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15458154/
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