Murine leukemia virus clearance by flocculation and microfiltration.

Abstract

Clearance of murine leukemia virus from CHO cell suspensions by flocculation and microfiltration was investigated. Murine leukemia virus is a retrovirus that is recommended by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for validating clearance of retrovirus-like particles. Due to biosafety considerations, an amphotropic murine leukemia virus vector (A-MLV) that is incapable of self-replication was used. Further, A-MLV is incapable of infecting CHO cells, thus ensuring that infection of the CHO cells in the feed did not result in a reduced virus titer in the permeate. The virus vector contains the gene for the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) to facilitate assaying for infectious virus particles. The virus particles are 80-130 nm in size. The feed streams were flocculated using a cationic polyelectrolyte. Microfiltration was conducted using 0.1 and 0.65 microm pore size hollow fiber membranes. The level of virus clearance in the permeate was determined. For the 0.1 microm pore size membranes a 1,000-fold reduction in the virus titer in the permeate was observed for feed streams consisting of A-MLV, A-MLV plus flocculant, A-MLV plus CHO cells, and A-MLV plus flocculant and CHO cells. While the flocculant had little effect on the level of virus clearance in the permeate for 0.1 microm pore size membranes, it did lead to higher permeate fluxes for the CHO cell feed streams. Virus clearance experiments conducted with 0.65 microm pore size membranes indicate little clearance of A-MLV from the permeate in the absence of flocculant. However, in the presence of flocculant the level of virus clearance in the permeate was similar to that observed for 0.1 microm pore size membranes. The results obtained here indicate that significant clearance of A-MLV is possible during tangential flow microfiltration. Addition of a flocculant is essential if the membrane pore size is greater than the diameter of the virus particles. Flocculation of the feed stream leads to an increase in the permeate flux.