Turbidity current in a circular settling tank.

Abstract

This paper deals with turbidity currents in a circular settling tank. A mathematical model with a k-epsilon turbulence model has been developed. Using this mathematical model, the following unique properties of turbidity currents in a circular settling tank are demonstrated: turbulence induced by the turbidity currents remains after most sediment particles have settled down. This residual turbulent diffusivity has a serious effect on the settling of finer particles. This phenomenon is a very important result in this study. Especially, in the case of a smaller densimetric Froude number, which is a stronger density effect, this residual turbulence effect increases, and also decreases the removal ratio in the downstream with low concentration. Generally, the bottom density current enhances the sediment transport near the tank bottom, while the bottom shear gives reversal influence. When the settling velocity is high, the settling ends under the developing stage both of the turbidity current and of the bottom boundary layer. On the contrary, if the settling velocity is low, the sediment travels a long distance, where the boundary layer is built up, resulting in the reduction of sediment transport near the tank bottom. The overall properties of the density-affected settling tank are also investigated in terms of the removal ratio.