PubMed · 15806016
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Allen P Kaplan, Berhane Ghebrehiwet. 2005. Does C-2 kinin exist?. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2004.12.1132
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Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a source of foodborne illness, causing diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, and hemolytic-uremic syndrome. E. coli O157:H7 secretes, via the etp type II secretion system, a metalloprotease, StcE, that specifically cleaves the serpin C1 esterase inhibitor. We determined by hybridization techniques the prevalence of stcE and etpD, a type II secretion gene, among diarrheagenic E. coli strains. stcE and etpD are ubiquitous among the O157:H7 serotype and are found in some enteropathogenic E. coli O55:H7 strains but are absent from other diarrheagenic E. coli. stcE was acquired on a large plasmid early in the evolution of E. coli O157:H7, before the inheritance of the Shiga toxin prophage. Other plasmidborne virulence factors, such as ehxA, katP, and espP, were acquired later by the enterohemorrhagic E. coli 1 complex in a stepwise manner. These data refine the sequential model of E. coli O157:H7 evolution proposed elsewhere.
A simple assay was developed to estimate functional mannose-binding lectin (MBL) levels in serum based on the principle of yeast-induced bystander lysis of chicken erythrocytes (ChE). The assay is sensitive to inhibition by ethylene glycol bis-(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) (which allows alternative pathway activation), ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), mannose, N-acetylglucosamine and C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH), whereas it was not inhibited by galactose. A high-titer human anti-mannan antibody-containing serum with 0.06 microg MBL/ml gave a functional signal corresponding to 0.12 microg equivalents MBL/ml, indicating that anti-mannan antibodies are poorly hemolytic in the assay. The assay is well suited for the large-scale testing of patient samples for a functional MBL pathway of complement activation.
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