PubMed · 15829532
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Benjamin D Levine, Paul D Thompson. 2005-04-14. Marathon maladies.. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmp058043
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Fourteen mineral and trace elements (Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr and Zn) were determined in the herbs and their infusions consumed for medical purposes in Turkey such as chamomile (Matricaria chammomile L.), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), linden (Tilia vulgaris), nettle (Urtica dioical), rosehip (Fr.Rosa caninae), sage (Salvia officinalis) and senna tea (Cassia anqustifolia). Microwave digestion procedure was applied under optimized conditions for dissolution of medicinal herbs. Element concentrations in the medicinal herbs and their infusions were determined by FAAS and ICP-AES. The accuracy and precision were verified against a GBW 07605 Poplar leaves and Tea certified reference material. The mineral and trace element content of medicinal herbs and their infusions showed a wide variability. However, distribution of the elements in the infusions is not high and it is nil especially for Cd, Co, Cr and Pb.
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of food-simulating liquids (FSL) on the mechanical properties of provisional restorative materials. METHODS: Four provisional restorative materials were selected: (1) Dentalon Plus (DP), (2) Protemp II (PII), (3) Systemp C&B (SCB) and (4) Integrity (INTG). The specimens were fabricated in customized molds and each type was randomly divided into five groups (n = 10). The test groups were conditioned for 7 days at 37 degrees C as follows: water, 0.02 N citric acid, heptane and 75% ethanol in aqueous solution. Specimens in the control group were stored at room temperature in air. After conditioning, the flexural strength (FS) values were assessed using a universal testing machine (5 mm/min crosshead speed) and the fractured specimens were used for the determination of the Knoop hardness number (KHN) using a digital micro-hardness tester (100 gf/15 s). Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-tests were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: In ethanol and heptane solutions, DP specimens were totally degraded, thus, FS/KHN for DP could not be measured. For all materials, the FS/KHN values were significantly lower than their control groups after conditioning in ethanol. After heptane conditioning, the decrease in FS for SCB and KHN for PII were statistically significant. After citric acid conditioning, KHN for PII and INTG were significantly higher than the controls and the decrease in FS for SCB and INTG were statistically significant. SIGNIFICANCE: The mechanical properties of provisional restorative materials are strongly influenced by food-simulating liquids.
BACKGROUND: Studies on probiotics mainly base their results on faecal samples, which may not represent the situation in the mucosa of distal and proximal colon. AIM: In a placebo-controlled study, to assess the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum 299v on the bacterial composition of faecal vs. mucosal samples. METHODS: Twenty-nine patients undergoing colonoscopic examination for polyps consumed a twice-daily drink with or without L. plantarum 299v (10(11) CFU/day) for 2 weeks. Faecal samples were collected before and after consumption. During colonoscopy, biopsies were collected from the ascending colon and rectum. The faecal and mucosal bacterial concentrations and prevalence were determined. RESULTS: L. plantarum 299v significantly increased the concentration of faecal lactic acid bacteria, lactobacilli and clostridia, and was identified in two rectal biopsies but not in the ascending colon biopsies of probiotic-treated subjects. Concentrations and prevalence in ascending colon and rectum biopsies were comparable, but were significantly lower compared with faecal samples. CONCLUSIONS: After probiotic consumption, a significant increase in the faecal concentration of lactobacilli was found but concentrations were low in biopsies. The bacterial composition in biopsies of the ascending colon and rectum did not differ based on culture techniques. To further elucidate the modes of action of probiotics, it might be necessary to study differences in colonization with molecular techniques.