PubMed · 15864190
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Serge Mordon, Vincent Maunoury, Philippe Bulois, Pierre Desreumaux, Jean-Frédéric Colombel. 2005. [Confocal endoscopy].. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0399-8320(05)80773-0
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We report on the development of a miniature, flexible, fiber-optic scanning endoscope for two-photon fluorescence imaging. The endoscope uses a tubular piezoelectric actuator for achieving two-dimensional beam scanning and a double-clad fiber for delivery of the excitation light and collection of two-photon fluorescence. Real-time imaging of fluorescent beads and cancer cells has been performed.
We present a novel endoscopic fiber bundle probe incorporated in a Fourier-domain angle-resolved low coherence interferometry system for the measurement of depth-resolved angular scattering distributions to permit the determination of scatterer size via elastic scattering properties. Depth resolution is achieved with a superluminescent diode via a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The sample is illuminated with a collimated beam, and a Fourier plane image of the backscattered light is collected by a coherent fiber bundle. The angular scattering distribution relayed by the fiber bundle is mixed with the reference field and made to coincide with the input slit of an imaging spectrograph. The data collected are processed in real time, producing a depth-resolved angular scattering distribution in 0.37 s. The data are used to determine the sizes of polystyrene microspheres with subwavelength precision and accuracy.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Endoscopy of the eustachian tube allows direct examination of endoluminal alterations in the course of the organ. The aim of this study was to describe anatomic and functional findings in healthy awake subjects. PATIENTS/METHODS: Ten eustachian tubes in six healthy individuals with no history of tube dysfunction were examined under local anesthesia using different types of rigid and flexible endoscopes. RESULTS: Nine of ten tubes presented with no pathologic finding. The motility of the tube cartilage could be visualized in all cases and showed a wide variety. Prior anesthesia of the mucosa with the subject in the supine position, if necessary supplemented by a tube catheter, rendered the procedure more comfortable. CONCLUSION: The eustachian tube shows a wide spectrum of anatomic and functional varieties in normal subjects. The method allows comprehensive evaluation of anatomic and functional stenoses of the eustachian tube. The transnasal-transpharyngeal approach allows only limited evaluation of the middle ear structures.