PubMed · 16126151
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Elizabeth Jane Elliott, Roy Michael Robins-Browne. 2005. Hemolytic uremic syndrome.. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cppeds.2005.06.002
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PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review was designed to focus on the important research in the area of acute infectious diarrhea published within the past year. PubMed was reviewed for articles published in 2004 and 2005 relating to pathogen-specific diarrhea and for travelers' diarrhea to identify the newly published articles. RECENT FINDINGS: New studies continue to show the importance of the diarrheagenic Escherichia coli as causes of acute and persistent diarrhea. Enteroaggregative E. coli has recently been shown to be an unrecognized cause of community-acquired diarrhea in infants in the USA. Genetic factors explain an increased susceptibility to travelers' diarrhea among international travelers. Also, poorly non-absorbed rifaximin (< 0.4%) was shown to be an effective drug when used prophylactically to prevent bacterial diarrhea during high risk travel. SUMMARY: Studies will continue to define the etiology of diarrhea and to better understand the epidemiology and prevention of infectious diarrhea. Antibacterial resistance among enteric bacterial pathogens is a growing problem, leading to the search for newer antibacterial drugs. Diarrhea due to bacterial agents in international travelers can be prevented and treated successfully by antibacterial drugs. The nonabsorbed rifamycin drug, rifaximin, appears to be ideally suited to become the important new drug in prevention and treatment of travelers' diarrhea. Studies are underway to determine the value of the drug in preventing invasive forms of diarrhea during travel to Asia and in the prevention of the commonly occurring post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome.
The title of "rang" was first appeared in Shi You's Ji jiu pian in which there is a sentence saying that "thirst, vomiting, nausea, coughing, panting, and rang". It refers to dysentery. Later, many other derivatives, including "rang dysentery", "niang dysentery" and "niang du dysentery" etc. appeared. "Rang li" refers to chronic dysentery; "niang li" and "niang du li" refer to stagnation resulting in mass formation. All these titles are of the same definition, viz. referring to the development of "rang", or dysentery. However, careful analysis may also reveal different meanings, but without clear demarcation. They can be applied for the same disorders.
The genetic relatedness among 96 invasive Escherichia coli belonging to several serogroups and 13 non-invasive of several serotypes that share the same O antigen was investigated by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis analysis. The invasive strains were isolated in different parts of the world and most of them recovered from dysentery. Twenty-nine electrophoretic types were distinguished and the most invasive strains were found to belong to two major lineages. These results suggested that the invasive ability in these strains has evolved in divergent chromosomal backgrounds, presumably through the horizontal spread of plasmid-borne invasion genes. The maintenance of invasive phenotypes in separate lineages suggests that this ability confers a selective advantage to invasive strains.