PubMed Health⌕ Search
Home/Archive/PubMed

PubMed · 17589

Using the computer to prepare multiple-choice examinations: a simplified system.

G R Ross·M C Ross
View original source ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

Program TEST offers a quick, easy, and efficient way to produce objectively-scored exams from an established item bank. It is especially useful in situations where frequent testing is utilized and secretarial help is scarce. The capability of constructing a customized exam the day before its administration should make the exam more reflective of the instruction. The provision for keyed copies has been found to be a useful tool for feedback to the student after the exam. Lastly, use of the program requires little computer assistance.

Explore related subjects

ComputersEducation, NursingEducational MeasurementInformation SystemsSouth CarolinaJournal Article

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

G R Ross, M C Ross. 1977. Using the computer to prepare multiple-choice examinations: a simplified system.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17589/

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related citations

PubMed1996

The promise of computerized feedback systems for diabetes care.

Feedback control is an important mechanism for reaching a targeted goal. Biologic examples range from achieving the appropriate blood pressure level to glycemia control. Computer-based feedback control systems have many potential applications in medicine. Closed-loop systems directly sense the state of the patient and then deliver an intervention without human action. Closed-loop systems have been used to control postoperative fluid infusion, reduce malignant hypertension to a reasonable range through nitroprusside infusions, and control continuous insulin infusions-in effect, an artificial pancreas. Sensory problems have limited the direct application of closed-loop systems to date; most current medical uses of computer-based feedback control are open loop, where a human is interposed between the suggested intervention and the delivered treatment. Because many variables important to the management of diabetes are objective, many opportunities exist for open-loop control in diabetes management. Open-loop systems have already been used to suggest insulin dosage adjustments and treatment for hypercholesterolemia and to remind physicians of various mellitus. However, existing applications have only scratched the surface. Many more facets of diabetes management could be standardized and assisted by open-loop control systems if the management rules could be more exactly specified, a task requiring substantial time commitments by diabetologists. Efforts to translate existing knowledge bases into precise guidelines will be helpful, but new primary studies and decision analyses are needed to define the optimal use of some interventions.

Computers↗
PubMed1996

Manual versus computer-automated semen analyses. Part I. Comparison of counting chambers.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy and precision of counting chambers analyzed manually and with a computer-automated semen analyzer (CASA; Hamilton-Thorne Research, Beverly, MA). DESIGN: Prospective study using comparative measurements of sperm concentration, motility and concentration of latex beads with three types of counting chambers: hemacytometers, 12 and 20 MicroCell (Conception Technologies, Inc., La Jolla, CA) Chambers, and Makler (Sefi-Medical Instruments, Haifa, Israel) Chambers. SETTING: A hospital-based Andrology laboratory. PATIENTS: Male partners of couples undergoing infertility evaluation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Experiment I: measurements of sperm concentration were evaluated within hemacytometers; Experiment II: measurements of sperm concentration in the 35 to 50 x 10(6)/mL range and sperm motility were determined using a known concentration of beads. RESULTS: Experiment I: differences were demonstrated within two of eight hemacytometers (side 1 versus side 2): however, no significant effect of hemacytometer on variation in sperm concentration measurements was observed. Experiment II: CASA-analyzed 20 MicroCell Chambers demonstrated the best precision for sperm concentration (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.93) and motility (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.88). Experiment III: 20 MicroCell Chambers most accurately determined known bead concentration (35 +/- 5 x 10(6)/mL) whether analyzed on CASA (34.9 x 10(6)/mL) or manually (35.2 x 10(6)/mL). CONCLUSIONS: 20 MicroCell Chambers proved to be accurate and precise for determining concentration and motility of semen specimens whether analyzed manually or with CASA.

Computers↗
PubMed1996

Manual versus computer-automated semen analyses. Part II. Determination of the working range of a computer-automated semen analyzer.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy and precision of a computer-automated semen analyzer (CASA; Hamilton-Thorne Research, Beverly, MA) over a wide range of sperm concentrations. DESIGN: Prospective study using comparative measurements of sperm concentration and motility were performed using manual and CASA methods of analyses. SETTING: A hospital-based Andrology laboratory. PATIENTS: Male partners of couples undergoing infertility evaluation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Measurements of sperm concentration in the range of 1 to 200 x 10(6)/mL were performed using hemacytometers and CASA-analyzed 20 MicroCell counting chambers (Conception Technologies, Inc., La Jolla, CA). Accuracy was assessed by comparison to the hemacytometer ("gold standard"). The MicroCell counting chambers also were used for manual and CASA sperm motility determinations. RESULTS: The CASA-analyzed 20 Microcell Chamber most precisely determined sperm concentration in the 1 to 200 x 10(6)/mL range (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.94). The hemacytometer was least precise (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.91). There was a high degree of correlation between the manually and CASA-analyzed MicroCell Chambers in the sperm concentration range of 20 to 149 x 10(6)/mL. Above and below this range, correlation was lower. Motility was determined most precisely using the CASA-analyzed 20 MicroCell Chamber. CONCLUSIONS: The Hamilton-Thorne CASA used with the 20 MicroCell Chamber is a precise and accurate method for determining sperm concentration and motility of semen specimens with concentrations in the 20 to 149 x 10(6)/mL range. This same combination of CASA and MicroCell Chamber provides precise sperm motility results.

Computers↗