PubMed · 1786445
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M B Rabinowitz, D Bellinger, A Leviton, J D Wang. 1991. Lead levels among various deciduous tooth types.. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01700952
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The Central Artery/Third Harbor Tunnel (CA/T) construction project in Boston is the largest and most costly highway construction project ever undertaken in the United States. The Construction Occupational Health Project (COHP) of the Work Environment Department at the University of Massachusetts-Lowell was established to conduct exposure assessment and to develop, introduce, and evaluate interventions in the areas of ergonomics and industrial hygiene on the CA/T project. For both political and practical reasons, COHP is using a participatory approach to intervention in the construction industry. The research process is employing participation at all the levels of the construction hierarchy in the form of various advisory groups. These advisory groups have been formed from existing joint labor-management advisory committees and are presently engaged in two participatory intervention activities: (1) evaluations of intervention ideas, and (2) comparisons of safety systems.
This study estimates the effects of 23 factors on the prevalence of premature labor and fetal growth retardation across the entire birthweight spectrum. We studied risk factors for premature labor within the domain of babies of appropriate size for their gestational age (N = 9,490). We also studied risk factors for fetal growth retardation among babies born at term (N = 10,889). Preterm labor was associated independently with young maternal age, low pre-pregnant weight, low weekly weight gain, nulliparity, previous preterm birth, histories of two or more induced abortions, spontaneous abortions, or stillbirths, uterine exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES), incompetent cervix, uterine anomaly, and pyelonephritis. Odds ratios ranged from 1.7 to 5.9. Fetal growth retardation, as estimated by small-for-gestational-age birth, was associated independently with black race, young maternal age, short maternal height, low prepregnancy weight, low weekly weight gain, and smoking, as well as nulliparity, previous preterm birth, three or more abortions, uterine anomaly, and uterine exposure to DES. Odds ratios ranged from 1.6 to 2.8. Our study shows the importance for etiologic understanding of separating diverse routes to low birthweight and considering the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes along the entire birthweight spectrum. The findings reinforce the need for comprehensive control of confounding in studies of pregnancy outcome.
A multidisciplinary group of clinicians and administrators were convened to find innovative ways to contain costs and improve the quality of care on an inpatient orthopedic unit. This group was charged with examining all phases of care and recommending changes. The team proved to be a model of effective, successful collaboration and has enabled ambitious goals to be realized on this unit. The article outlines changes related to preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative care and discusses the dynamics of effective interdisciplinary professional collaboration.