PubMed · 2036513
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J L Hopton, J G Howie, A M Porter. 1991-05-04. Jarman index.. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.302.6784.1079-d
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PURPOSE: To assess the state of our specialty, the Spanish Society of Radiotherapy and Oncology ordered a survey of all Spanish services of radiation oncology. METHODS AND MATERIALS: In June 1999, the Society ordered an analysis of the state of radiation oncology. It created a survey that was sent to all radiotherapy units in Spain. A database was created in which 230 variables were analyzed. RESULTS: Eighty-four centers were analyzed, and 157 external beam irradiation, megavoltage units were counted, of which 67 were cobalt units and 90 were linear accelerators. The cobalt units worked an average of 11.4 h daily and the linear accelerators 11.6 h. The number of patients/unit/y was 472 for the cobalt units and 442 for the linear accelerators. The number of patients by physician and year was 179. Each center received a mean of 958 new patients annually. The average between the reception and start of treatment was 25.52 days (maximum 60), and it was estimated that only 38.1% of cancers were irradiated. The number of radiation oncologists working was 392. Spain has a deficit of 297 radiation oncologists. CONCLUSION: There is a need for 44 MV units and for the replacement of 67 cobalt units. The present lack of units has had an impact on palliative treatment, which has resulted in pharmacy costs. As long as these instrumental deficiencies are not solved, waiting lists will continue to be inherent to the system. There are also important staff deficiencies, in that about 297 radiation oncologists would be needed to cover the needs.
Sampling racial and ethnic minority groups in population-based health studies presents the statistical designer with a variety of notable challenges, many of which can be traced to the manner in which the sampling frame maps into the set of group members. A brief review of sampling approaches aimed at race/ethnic groups is followed by findings on two particularly important statistical issues one may face when sampling minorities: the implications of the geographic diffusion of minorities within sampled area clusters, and the relative utility of different forms of space and time sampling to deal with sometimes dramatic change over time in the linkage between entries on a sampling frame and members of relatively mobile minority groups. Simulated findings from practical illustrations involving the sampling of Hispanics are presented to address each issue.