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PubMed · 2133568

Universal Immunization Programme--retrospect and prospect.

A K Chakraborty
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Abstract

Immunization programme was launched in India in 1978. Immunization coverage is not uniform in all the States. More efforts are needed to achieve universal immunization in the whole country. UIP should be a part of an integrated MCH programme and should not be considered as an isolated programme. Disease surveillance is not satisfactory and to ascertain the impact of immunization surveillance system must be strengthened.

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Asia, SoutheasternChildChild Health ServicesFemaleHumansIndiaInfantMaternal Health ServicesNational Health ProgramsPopulation SurveillancePregnancyVaccinationJournal Article

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A K Chakraborty. Universal Immunization Programme--retrospect and prospect.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2133568/

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PubMed1992

Indications of early obesity in low-income Hmong children.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if there is evidence of obesity in low-income Hmong children. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SETTING: Women, Infants, and Children clinics in Minneapolis, Minn. PARTICIPANTS: 271 US-born Hmong children, ages 1.00 through 4.99 years. SELECTION PROCEDURES: Consecutive sample of all Hmong children seen in two clinics between September and December 1989. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS/MAIN RESULTS: Heights and weights were measured and converted to National Center for Health Statistics z scores of weight for age, height for age, and weight for height. Relative to National Center for Health Statistics reference data, mean height-for-age z scores decline progressively after age 2 years to--1.2 z at age 4.5 years. Mean weight-for-height z scores exceeded the National Center for Health Statistics reference significantly at ages 3 and 4 years, and there was more than a fourfold excess of Hmong children beyond the 95th percentile in weight for height at these ages. CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence of early obesity in Hmong children, an ethnic group heretofore considered to be a low risk for obesity.

Asia, Southeastern↗