[Methods of in vitro evaluation for nephrotoxicity].

Abstract

Mechanisms and precise targets of nephrotoxicants have been evidenced in experimental animals, a very important contribution for decades. But, structural and functional heterogeneity in renal tissue makes often difficult the exact determination of the molecular targets at renal cell level. Indeed, some new in vitro models have been gradually reported. This non exhaustive review purposes to present the different recent models, ever more reductionist, as isolated kidneys, kidney slices, isolated renal cells or renal cultured cells to assess the nephrotoxicity of new molecules. For every model are presented a brief history, the principle of the technique, viability criteria and its relative interest for renal toxicology. In conclusion, a general discussion points out the main advantages and limits of each one.