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Surgical skin-marking techniques.

M S Granick·F R Heckler·E W Jones
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Abstract

Surgical skin-marking inks and dyes are in everyday use for designing and planning incisions in plastic and reconstructive surgery. We have traced the historical development of surgical skin-marking techniques from ancient times to the present. The biochemical characteristics of the commonly used marking agents are discussed. A three-part experiment utilizing a pig model was carried out to test the tissue inflammatory response to the various dyes and inks when used intradermally as tattoos, the persistence of such tattoos, and the ease of skin erasure for each of eight stains. Methylene blue and gentian violet are recommended as the best all-purpose marking agents. The use of proprietary inks is discouraged.

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AnimalsColoring AgentsGeneral SurgeryGentian VioletHistory, 15th CenturyHistory, 16th CenturyHistory, 18th CenturyHistory, 19th CenturyHistory, 20th CenturyHumansInflammationMethylene BlueQuaternary Ammonium CompoundsSkinSkin DiseasesStaining and LabelingSurgery, PlasticSwineTattooingHistorical ArticleJournal Article

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M S Granick, F R Heckler, E W Jones. 1987. Surgical skin-marking techniques.. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006534-198704000-00011

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