PubMed · 2875684
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M Fernández García. 1986. [Asthmatic bronchitis].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2875684/
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A murine model of influenza viral infection was used to examine the neuroendocrine regulation of cytokine production. Restraint stress (RST) was used to activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and elevate corticosterone (CORT) levels in influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (PR8) virus-infected C57BL/6 mice. The type II glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU486 was used to specifically examine the modulation of PR8 virus-specific cytokine responses by CORT. RST suppressed the PR8 virus- specific production of Th1-type (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) and Th2-type IL-10) cytokines by cells from the regional lymph nodes and spleens. In addition, IL-6 production by splenocytes was inhibited by RST; however, IL-6 production by cells from the regional lymph nodes was enhanced. Treatment of mice with RU486 prevented the effects of RST, suggesting that the RST-induced alterations in cytokine responses were mediated by CORT. Furthermore, CORT was shown to inhibit the PR8 virus-specific production of both Thl-type and Th2-type cytokines in vitro at doses corresponding to the physiologic range of free plasma CORT following hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation.
The separation of a complex mixture of 17 corticosteroids was investigated by mixed micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MMEKC) employing various bile salts and/or alkylsulfonates. In this study, influence of individual surfactants and mixed micelles of hydrocarbon-bile salt surfactants on retention behavior, selectivity and the size of the elution window is investigated. Retention behavior of corticosteroids in SDS and bile salt micelles is examined using linear solvation energy relationships (LSER). In addition, the effects of type of bile salt surfactant on elution patterns were investigated. It was found that separation patterns are mostly influenced by the number of hydroxyl functional groups on the steroidal backbone of the bile salts, while the type of ionic head group has little, if any, effect on the steroids separation. Comparisons between mixed micellar techniques and the inclusion of conventional modifiers to various single and binary surfactant systems were made. The addition of modifiers such as acetonitrile, urea and beta-cyclodextrin to SDS surfactant systems, as well as mixed bile salt systems of sodium taurocholate and sodium glycodeoxycholate, did not improve the separation of the steroids. On the other hand, the addition of the short-chain alkylsulfonate sodium butanesulfonate to the mixture of taurocholate and glycodeoxycholate greatly improved the separation of the 17 corticosteroids and provided a baseline separation of all solutes. The effects of carbon chain length and concentration of alkylsulfonate on capacity factor, selectivity, efficiency and the size of the elution window were investigated.
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