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PubMed · 322518

Finding the missing information in cancer statistics.

A M Nahum·R C Bone·J V Robinson
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Abstract

The current cancer literature is imprecise and confusing. This hampers the ability to draw meaningful conclusions regarding diagnosis and treatment. It is suggested that all future reporting of statistics contain the following features: (1) discussion of case selection criteria; (2) use of TNM system for case classification; (3) listing of minimal treatment details; (4) explanation for length of follow-up used; (5) standardized terms for evaluation (relating these to individual TNM classification); and (6) listing of all failures by standardized terms. It is proposed that editors of journals and organizers of meetings reject all papers that do not meet these criteria.

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A M Nahum, R C Bone, J V Robinson. 1977. Finding the missing information in cancer statistics.. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9610(77)90545-1

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What does Chilean research tell us about postpartum depression (PPD)?

BACKGROUND: In Chile, a country with a so called emerging market-economy, where rapid social and life style changes are taking place, women and the more socially disadvantaged are more at risk of becoming depressed. METHODS: Results of several studies are summarized in the context of a review of the literature. RESULTS: A third of Chilean women have depressive and/or anxiety symptoms during midpregnancy, while prevalence figures both in the early and the late postpartum period increase up to 50% in most studies. If strict operational criteria describing well defined depressive disorders are used postnatally, differences in prevalence and incidence figures arise depending on socioeconomic status. Whereas incidence rates for postpartum depression (around 9%) are very similar to those found in the northern hemisphere and do not appear to vary across different socioeconomic levels, higher prevalence rates are found among women from lower socioeconomic status. LIMITATIONS: The studies focused on current diagnostic entities and did not consider different clusters or dimensions. CONCLUSION: A shared biological etiology may be triggered by the physiology of childbirth and account for similarities in incidence across different socioeconomic levels. In turn, we hypothesize that the higher prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) in Chilean women from lower socioeconomic status is the result of pre-existing depression and is not caused by more new cases of the illness.

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