Magnet unresponsive pacemaker endless loop tachycardia.

Abstract

Endless loop tachycardia is a well-known complication of DDD pacing and is almost invariably terminated by conversion to the asynchronous DOO mode upon application of a magnet over the pulse generator. Occasionally magnet application is ineffectual because the ventriculoatrial (VA) synchrony of endless loop tachycardia is converted directly or indirectly to an atrioventricular (AV) desynchronization arrhythmia, another form of VA synchrony. This occurs when a paced ventricular beat engenders an unsensed retrograde P wave and the continual delivery of an ineffectual atrial stimulus during the atrial myocardial refractory period creates self-perpetuating VA synchrony. Upon magnet removal, AV desynchronization arrhythmia reverts immediately to endless loop tachycardia. In the absence of access to programmers, magnet unresponsive endless loop tachycardia can be easily and reliably terminated by chest wall stimulation through inhibition of the ventricular channel of the DDD pulse generator.