PubMed · 3513324
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E T Habermann. 1986. Total joint replacement: an overview.. https://doi.org/10.1016/0037-198x(86)90005-2
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Details of a procedure for electrolytically preparing highly pure brushite (CaHPO4.2H2O) coatings on high surface area metal substrates are provided. The influence of current density and deposition time on coating morphology is described. After a discussion of procedures used to convert the brushite coatings to hydroxyapatite, results from a preliminary animal study that demonstrate the propensity of these coatings to stimulate bony ingrowth into porous plugs are presented.
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Neonatal rat calvarial osteoblasts were cultured on Ti-6Al-4V, Co-Cr-Mo alloy, 316L stainless steel and polystyrene (reference substrate) in the presence of ascorbic acid and 10 mM beta-glycerophosphate for 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 24 and 28 d. Scanning electron microscopy examination revealed that osteoblasts cultured on these orthopaedic/dental implant metals synthesized and deposited an extracellular matrix containing collagenous and non-collagenous components, as well as mineral nodules of various morphologies. Energy dispersive spectrometry revealed that the mineral deposits consisted of three distinct chemical compositions: calcium phosphate, calcium-sulphur-phosphorus, and calcium only. Backscattered electron imaging demonstrated that both the calcium phosphate and calcium-only deposits were electron dense, while the calcium-sulphur-phosphorus deposits were electron translucent. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the bulk of the osteoblast mineral deposits was amorphous hydroxyapatite; in addition, electron diffraction analysis revealed small regions of crystalline hydroxyapatite.