PubMed · 3523829
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B Lewinsky. 1986. [Dicor crowns].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3523829/
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Results of contact tests using spherical indenters on flat ceramic coating layers bonded to compliant substrates are reported for selected dental ceramics. Critical loads to produce various damage modes, cone cracking, and quasiplasticity at the top surfaces and radial cracking at the lower (inner) surfaces are measured as a function of ceramic-layer thickness. It is proposed that these damage modes, especially radial cracking, are directly relevant to the failure of all-ceramic dental crowns. The critical load data are analyzed with the use of explicit fracture-mechanics relations, expressible in terms of routinely measurable material parameters (elastic modulus, strength, toughness, hardness) and essential geometrical variables (layer thickness, contact radius). The utility of such analyses in the design of ceramic/substrate bilayer systems for optimal resistance to lifetime-threatening damage is discussed.
This paper describes the design and use of modified solution samplers and non-weighing lysimeters in a field experiment examining the response of a turf-soil system to landfill leachate irrigation over a 2-year period. The two designs were shown to offer significant performance advantages, were cost effective and overcame many of the reported problems commonly associated with each technique. The quantities of leached chloride detected in the 20%, 50% and undiluted leachate irrigated plots by the modified solution samplers (1,677, 4,319 and 8,021 kg ha(-1), respectively) and microlysimeters (1,759, 4,512 and 8,160 kg ha(-1), respectively) were significantly higher than the conventional sampler design (1,407, 3,767 and 7,052 kg ha(-1), respectively). Additionally, the microlysimeter design functioned reliably throughout the experiment, achieving solution flow rates analogous to the unconfined plots. Therefore, it was concluded that both the designs appear to be suitable for monitoring changes in soil solution composition associated with sub-surface wastewater irrigation.
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