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PubMed · 365123

Methylphenidate vs dextroamphetamine vs caffeine in minimal brain dysfunction: controlled comparison by placebo washout design with Bayes' analysis.

L E Arnold·J Christopher·R Huestis·D J Smeltzer
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Abstract

Double-blind crossover comparison of methylphenidate hydrochloride, dextroamphetamine sulfate, and caffeine after placebo washout in 29 children with minimal brain dysfunction (MBD) showed on six ratings that methylphenidate and dextroamphetamine were significantly (P less than .05 to P less than .001) better than placebo and caffeine, but not significantly (P less than .05) different from each other. Placebo, caffeine, and ratings before drug did not differ significantly. Of 26 drug responders, 12 responded best to dextroamphetamine, ten to methylphenidate, and one to caffeine. The latter child showed no improvement at all with either prescription stimulant. Methylphenidate and dextroamphetamine were each efficacious for six children who did not respond to the other stimulant. All three drugs showed significant (P less than .05) weight loss and cardiovascular side effects, the latter possibly spurious. Dextroamphetamine showed a significant (P less than .05) decrease from placebo in "tummyaches."

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Attention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityCaffeineChildChild, PreschoolClinical Trials as TopicDextroamphetamineDose-Response Relationship, DrugDouble-Blind MethodFactor Analysis, StatisticalFemaleHumansHyperkinesisMaleMethylphenidateClinical TrialComparative StudyControlled Clinical TrialJournal ArticleRandomized Controlled Trial

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L E Arnold, J Christopher, R Huestis, D J Smeltzer. 1978. Methylphenidate vs dextroamphetamine vs caffeine in minimal brain dysfunction: controlled comparison by placebo washout design with Bayes' analysis.. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1978.01770280073008

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PubMed1992

[Mild and severe organic brain disorders in childhood].

An outline of the classification of minor brain dysfunction and severe brain syndrome is followed by a short historical sketch of the development of the concept of minor brain dysfunction and a description of the clinical and diagnostic relevance of this concept. After evaluation of specific therapeutic approaches, selected empirical studies are reported to elucidate the course of the disorder. The issue concerning the existence of a behavioral syndrome that characterizes severe brain disorders is discussed. The presentation of selected research findings on psychopathological and neuropsychological sequelae of severe brain traumas provides the argument for the final discussion. The necessity of qualifying a highly specific, narrowly defined psychopathological syndrome in childhood is emphasized.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗