Key issues in nutrition. From conception through infancy.

Abstract

Pregnant and lactating women and infants are at nutritional risk because of their special needs; both require adequate dietary nutrition and, often, dietary supplementation. For example, the mother's increased requirements for iron, calcium, folic acid, and vitamin D usually must be met with increased milk intake and multivitamin-with-mineral supplements. Since the pregnant and the lactating woman can pass both nutrients and nonnutrients to the child, she should be advised on a well-balanced, high-quality diet that is free of drugs or other additives that may be harmful. Although either breastfeeding or the use of formula may fulfill energy and protein needs, the infant may require supplemental vitamins K and C, fluoride, and iron.