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PubMed · 3972582

A method of estimating the risks from ingested radionuclides.

Abstract

A technique is presented for estimating the number of radiation-induced cancers in organs exposed following the ingestion of radionuclides. The method takes into account the dose rate, the sex and the age of the individuals exposed. It assumes a linear no-threshold response and does not incorporate biological repair mechanisms. Two examples are presented which demonstrate that although the dose-equivalent limits may be the same, the different dose rates involved result in different risks.

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BibTeXRIS

H D Maillie. 1985. A method of estimating the risks from ingested radionuclides.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3972582/

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Antihypertensive therapy: how to evaluate the benefits.

For more than 30 years, the benefits of antihypertensive therapy have been assessed in randomized trials that monitor cardiovascular events. Even greater benefits can result if prevention of (1) congestive heart failure, (2) left ventricular hypertrophy, and (3) progression to more severe hypertension is taken into consideration. However, quantifying the benefits in order to calculate the cost-effectiveness of treatment is not easy. Taking absolute risk and benefit as the only guide to treatment decisions may result in limiting therapy only to elderly hypertensive patients and hypertensive patients with complications. Furthermore, randomized trials, of which the duration is necessarily short, are likely to underestimate treatment benefits. An alternative to such an approach is the actuarial approach: treatment benefits are calculated from the actuarial data showing the reduction in life expectancy associated with any given blood pressure increase. The cost of antihypertensive therapy per year of life gained calculated in this way is much lower than the cost calculated from randomized trials. In an uncertain area such as that of cost-effectiveness evaluation, it is important that both approaches are taken into consideration by physicians, patients, politicians, and officers of national health systems.

Actuarial Analysis

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