Nerve cells in the human cavernous sinus.

V C Carvalho

Home/Archive/PubMed

PubMed · 4096407

Nerve cells in the human cavernous sinus.

V C Carvalho

View original source ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

The present anatomical investigation showed that, in 10 cavernous sinuses of human beings studied, we found neurons with morphological characteristics similar to those found in the autonomic nervous system ganglia. Sometimes these neurons were found isolated alongside nerve fibres; otherwise grouped in ganglia. These cells were more frequent in the middle part of the sinus and in the vicinity of the internal carotid artery and abducent nerve. We also observed a bundle of fibres connected with neurons and bundles of fibres being incorporated to (or leaving?) the abducent nerve.

Explore related subjects

Abducens Nerve Adolescent Adult Carotid Artery, Internal Cavernous Sinus Child Child, Preschool Female Ganglia, Sympathetic Humans Infant Male Middle Aged Nerve Fibers Neurons Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeX RIS

V C Carvalho. 1985. Nerve cells in the human cavernous sinus.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4096407/

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related citations

PubMed2007

Upper lip blanching and diplopia associated with local anaesthesia of the inferior alveolar nerve.

A case of transient left lateral rectus nerve palsy, following an inferior alveolar nerve block to enable the surgical removal of a permanent mandibular left third molar tooth, is reported. The anatomy related to this case is considered together with suggestions for management of such patients.

Abducens Nerve↗

PubMed2006

Horizontal eye movement networks in primates as revealed by retrograde transneuronal transfer of rabies virus: differences in monosynaptic input to "slow" and "fast" abducens motoneurons.

The sources of monosynaptic input to "fast" and "slow" abducens motoneurons (MNs) were revealed in primates by retrograde transneuronal tracing with rabies virus after injection either into the distal or central portions of the lateral rectus (LR) muscle, containing, respectively, "en grappe" endplates innervating slow muscle fibers or "en plaque" motor endplates innervating fast fibers. Rabies uptake involved exclusively motor endplates within the injected portion of the muscle. At 2.5 days after injections, remarkable differences of innervation of slow and fast MNs were demonstrated. Premotor connectivity of slow MNs, revealed here for the first time, involves mainly the supraoculomotor area, central mesencephalic reticular formation, and portions of medial vestibular and prepositus hypoglossi nuclei carrying eye position and smooth pursuit signals. Results suggest that slow MNs are involved exclusively in slow eye movements (vergence and possibly smooth pursuit), muscle length stabilization and gaze holding (fixation), and rule out their participation in fast eye movements (saccades, vestibulo-ocular reflex). By contrast, all known monosynaptic pathways to LR MNs innervate fast MNs, showing their participation in the entire horizontal eye movements repertoire. Hitherto unknown monosynaptic connections were also revealed, such as those derived from the central mesencephalic reticular formation and vertical eye movements pathways (Y group, interstitial nucleus of Cajal, rostral interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus). The different connectivity of fast and slow MNs parallel differences in properties of muscle fibers that they innervate, suggesting that muscle fibers properties, rather than being self-determined, are the result of differences of their premotor innervation.

Abducens Nerve↗

PubMed2006

Modulation of corticospinal excitability by paired associative stimulation: reproducibility of effects and intraindividual reliability.

OBJECTIVE: Electrical stimulation of the median nerve followed by a magnetic pulse on the primary motor cortex (M1) is effective to cause an increase in the amplitude of motor evoked potential (MEP) registered in the target muscle with the interstimulus interval (ISI) at 25ms (paired associative stimulation, PAS). The aim of this study is to evaluate the reproducibility of PAS with ISI 25 (PAS25), assessed in two separate sessions. Intraindividual reliability of TMS measures was also evaluated. METHODS: Motor threshold of abductor pollicis brevis (APB), assessed at rest, and MEP amplitude of APB and abductor digiti minimi (ADM) were assessed before and after PAS25 in 18 healthy volunteers (nine males and nine females). RESULTS: Data showed a significant increase of MEP amplitude in the target muscle (APB) after PAS25 and a reproducibility of group effect in the two sessions, as assessed by ANOVA, but a lack of intraindividual reliability, as assessed by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). CONCLUSIONS: The results underline the reproducibility of mean effects and the need to be careful when comparing the same subject on different days. SIGNIFICANCE: Electrical stimulation of the median nerve followed by a magnetic pulse delivered on M1 after 25ms causes a reproducible increase in MEP amplitude, without showing an acceptable intraindividual reliability.

Abducens Nerve↗