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Pre-Antiretroviral Therapy Vertical HIV-1 Transmission Risk in Uganda Varies by Sex of Child and Maternal Viral Subtype.

Zoe Gotthold·Adam Epstein-Shuman·Godfrey Kigozi·Susanna L Lamers·Victor Ssempijja·Gabriel Quiros·Michael Martin·M Kate Grabowski·Reinaldo E Fernandez·Larry W Chang·Ronald M Galiwango·Gertrude Nakigozi·Steven J Reynolds·Eileen Scully·Andrew D Redd·Oliver Laeyendecker·Rakai Health Sciences Program
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Abstract

We analyzed perinatal transmission in a pre-antiretroviral therapy Ugandan cohort by maternal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype and infant sex in 131 mother-child pairs. Among all children, if the mother was infected with subtype A there was a nearly 3-fold increased risk of perinatal transmission compared with subtype D (risk ratio [RR], 2.96 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.46-6.01]; P = .008). When stratifying infants by both sex and maternal subtype, significantly more female (56.3% [9 of 16]) than male (9.1% [1 of 11]) infants born to mothers with subtype A were infected (RR, 6.19 [95% CI, .91-42.12]; P = .02). In contrast, among infants born to mothers with subtype D, transmission rates were comparable across sex (RR, 1.59 [95% CI, .57-4.41]; P = .39).

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HumansInfectious Disease Transmission, VerticalFemaleUgandaHIV InfectionsMaleHIV-1PregnancyInfantInfant, NewbornPregnancy Complications, InfectiousAdultSex FactorsCohort StudiesRisk Factorsmaternalperinatal transmissionsexsubtypevertical transmissionJournal Article

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Zoe Gotthold, Adam Epstein-Shuman, Godfrey Kigozi, Susanna L Lamers, Victor Ssempijja, Gabriel Quiros, Michael Martin, M Kate Grabowski, Reinaldo E Fernandez, Larry W Chang, Ronald M Galiwango, Gertrude Nakigozi, Steven J Reynolds, Eileen Scully, Andrew D Redd, Oliver Laeyendecker, Rakai Health Sciences Program. 2026-09-02. Pre-Antiretroviral Therapy Vertical HIV-1 Transmission Risk in Uganda Varies by Sex of Child and Maternal Viral Subtype.. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis%2Fjiag198

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