PubMed · 4220043
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S Battaglia, G Barbolini. 1974. [Azo dyes and embedding (preliminary note)].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4220043/
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Singlet oxygen generation from laser-excited photosensitive dyes was measured directly using a sensitive near-infrared emission spectrometer to monitor the O2(1 delta g)-->O2(3 sigma -g) transition at 1268 nm. The emission intensity was proportional to both the laser power and the concentration of the dyes. The singlet oxygen producing ability of the dyes was compared with that of eosin YS as a standard in methanol. The relative efficiencies of singlet oxygen generation were determined for rose bengal, erythrosine B, phloxine B and eosin YS as 2.39, 1.73, 1.38, 1.00, respectively, while uranine showed no emission in this spectral region. Using rose bengal, erythrosine B, phloxine B and eosin YS, the efficiency of singlet oxygen generation correlated with the photobleaching reaction rate of azo-dyes by these dyes, suggesting singlet oxygen to be a species responsible for causing the photobleaching of azo-dyes. The halogen substituent effect on the efficiency of singlet oxygen generation from laser-excited photosensitive dyes was also examined systematically.
The work conditions appeared to be unfavorable in modern production of dispersed nitro dyes, having up-to-date technologic equipment and automated control systems. The main occupational hazards are semiproducts (nitroaniline derivatives containing chlorine, bromine and cyanides) used as diazo components in dyes synthesis, dispersers based on sodium lignosulfonate, outlet forms of dispersed nitro dyes. Medical examination of the workers exposed to combination of chemicals amounting several times over the MACs proved frequent diseases of upper respiratory tract and cardiovascular system, functional disorders of liver and CNS, propensity for allergic conditions. Specific effects of dispersed nitro dyes and semiproducts of their synthesis on the red blood were methemoglobin formation, suppressed antioxidant activity of RBC (lower serum level of reduced glutathione and ascorbic acid) and stimulated erythropoiesis in bone marrow (increased serum Hb and RBC count, reticulocytosis). The studies helped to elaborate well-justified complex of sanitary, hygienic, therapeutic and prophylactic measures to better the work conditions and prevent the occupational diseases among the workers.