PubMed · 4494700
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V Wright, I Haslock, W Hewitt, B Champney. 1974-04-26. Structure and function of joints.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4494700/
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Currently used joint-surface models require the measurements to be structured according to a grid. With the currently available tracking devices a large quantity of unstructured surface points can be measured in a relatively short time. In this paper a method is presented to fit polynomial functions to three-dimensional unstructured data points. To test the method spherical, cylindrical, parabolic, hyperbolic, exponential, logarithmic, and sellar surfaces with different undulations were used. The resulting polynomials were compared with the original shapes. The results show that even complex joint surfaces can be modelled with polynomial functions. In addition, the influence of noise and the number of data points was also analyzed. From a surface (diam: 20 mm) which is measured with a precision of 0.2 mm a model can be constructed with a precision of 0.02 mm.
When the motion associated with an anatomical joint is to be measured, a kinematic model for the joint must first be established. The joint model will have from one to six degrees of freedom, and both the measurement technique and the means used to describe the motion will be influenced by the model and its degrees of freedom. This paper discusses the modeling and measurement of anatomical joint motion from a kinematics viewpoint. A review of the literature pertaining to measurement techniques, kinematic assumptions, and motion descriptions for anatomical joint motion is presented. One, two, three and six degree-of-freedom models for various anatomical joints have appeared in the literature, and the applicability of these models is compared and discussed.
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