PubMed · 4537299
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R G Farmer. 1972. Differentiating ulcerative colitis and transmural colitis.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4537299/
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The current understanding of the placental vascular tree largely derives from time-consuming morphometric analyses performed by conventional histology, electron microscopy of corrosion casts and three-dimensional reconstructions based on physical tissue sections. In the present study, we demonstrate for the first time that micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) emerges as a new, non-destructive and fast tool for imaging and quantifying fetoplacental vasculature. Term placentae (n=5) were perfused with contrast agent consisting of barium-sulfate, gelatine and thymol shortly after Caesarean-section-delivery. Samples (1 cm(3)) from eight different regions of the placenta were subsequently scanned in a micro-CT. Using tomographic reconstruction algorithms, three dimensional images were obtained by micro-CT allowing total stereoscopic visualization and continuous quantitative analysis of the vascular structure of the investigated samples. These samples were compared regarding vascular surface (VS) and vascular density (vascular volume fraction, TCVF). Quantitative assessment showed an average vascular density of 16 per cent (SD+/-0.4) and a vascular surface of 475 mm(2)(SD+/-8) per total tissue volume (including intervillous space) of 125 mm(3). Micro-CT image-analysis showed no significant differences in the fetal vascularization among term placentae. Micro-CT imaging is feasible for imaging and analysis of the villous vascular tree, allows further morphologic studies and immunohistochemistry of the placental specimens and may emerge as an additional tool in the investigation of the physiology and pathophysiology of the placental vasculature.
BACKGROUND: Knowledge of the diagnostic work-up of colorectal cancer is a prerequisite to improve its quality. Family history is one of few known risk factors of the disease and it is therefore important to investigate to what extent this factor is used in routine management. METHODS: Copies of records from all health-care suppliers visited during diagnostic work-up were requested for 227/235 (97%) patients with recently diagnosed colorectal cancer in the county of Västmanland during 1998-99. A first consultation was identified and records and all diagnostic measures related to the initial consultation were scrutinized. A family history of colorectal cancer was known for 179 patients. RESULTS: Most of the patients, 107 (66%) colon and 57 (86%) rectal cancer patients, had consulted with a general practitioner. The median diagnostic work-up time was 42 days (IQ 12-110) for colon and 23 days (IQ 0-49) for rectal cancer. A double-contrast barium enema was the most commonly used diagnostic method for colon cancer. Family history was documented at the first consultation in 2/179 (1%) cases. In patients with right-sided cancer, median diagnostic work-up time was 53 days in patients with a positive result of faecal occult blood test (FOBT) as compared with 448 in patients with a negative result (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Primary care is the key actor in diagnosing rectal cancer. The restricted capacity for X-ray is one of the main obstacles in detection of colon cancer. Family history is rarely documented during diagnostic work-up of colorectal cancer. The benefit of using FOBT in symptomatic patients is questioned.