PubMed · 4615482
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D Zukunft. 1974. [Materials for casting model dentures].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4615482/
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Thirty routine patients, provided with fixed prostheses supported by osseointegrated Brånemark implants in edentulous lower jaws, were arranged into three different groups with regard to design of the metal framework. Ten patients received cast gold alloy frames and the other two groups were provided with two different designs of welded titanium frames. The fit of the completed prostheses was measured in three dimensions (3-D) in relation to the master cast, by means of a photogrammetric technique, prior to insertion. Mean 3-D distortion of the centre point of the gold cylinder was 42 (s.d. 8) microns for the cast framework. The corresponding mean distortion for the two designs of titanium frameworks was 43 (s.d. 16) and 36 (s.d. 10) microns, respectively. Least distortion was observed in vertical direction for all three designs. None of the different designs of metal frames showed a significantly better fit (P > 0.05), but the cast and oldest titanium framework design presented a much wider range of distortion. This indicated a higher risk of sectioning and resoldering during the fabrication of the prostheses as compared to the more consistently fabricated prostheses, with a new titanium framework design.
Because nature has given humans from 14 to 16 teeth per arch, the author maintains that an implantologist ought to replace each missing tooth with an implant and calls this philosophical creed "implant isotopy". Three different prosthetic solutions are suggested for the cases of either complete or partially edentulous arches, where from 12 to 14 abutments are emerging from the gingiva. The first type consists of parallel protruding posts. The second type is a modification of the first method through the connection of all the posts (although they are not perfectly parallel) via a titanium wire-drawn bar to be welded via endoral welding. Finally, the third type consists of a laboratory cast titanium denture composed of different sections that can be connected to one another and to the implant abutments via endoral welding.
This article describes a procedure for making an indicator to be used in fitting a casting to a die. It also describes how to use the indicator in the laboratory. The materials for making the indicator are inexpensive, present no health hazard, and are readily available at any arts and crafts store.