PubMed · 5286632
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H Von Foerster. 1971-06-07. Computing in the semantic domain.. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1971.tb41326.x
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In cleanup operations and environmental surveillance efforts, a level of concern usually specifies a concentration limit for a particular radionuclide above which some action may be warranted. It is critical that the analytical method selected for measurements has a detection limit well below the action level. This is to guarantee that the technique used provides precise assessment at the level of concern. Sample analysis made with good precision is one of the major steps for obtaining quality data that allow a sound decision on whether the nuclide concentration is in compliance. This paper examines how the magnitude of the detection limit of an analysis method affects the precision of a measurement at the action level. With the established relationship, the detection limit that would achieve a pre-set precision for measurements at a level of concern can be quantitatively determined. The desired detection capability thus serves as a guide for selecting the appropriate measurement system.
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Allergic reactions consist to a cascade of pathological events which are initiated by the activation of the immune system. These reactions result in a hypersensitivity state characterized by multiple parameters. Clinical symptoms among allergic population are characterized in a proportion of 75% of allergic individuals by a mechanism of immediate hypersensitivity, or IgE-dependent allergic reactions. Several conditions need to be met for the immediate hypersensitivity to occur: genetic background, the nature of allergens and the route of administration, the cytokine-dependent immunoregulatory mechanisms of IgE production, the threshold of reactivity of inflammatory cells, the amount of inflammatory mediators released, and the environmental factors. Therefore, the clinical expression of IgE dependent hypersensitivity results from a complex network of interactions between the host and its environment.