PubMed · 5361203
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E M Schmidt, M W Stromberg. 1969. Computer dissection of peripheral nerve bundle activity.. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-4809(69)90009-3
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A review of the operational health physics papers published in Health Physics and Operational Radiation Safety over the past fifteen years indicated seventeen general categories or areas into which the topics could be readily separated. These areas include academic research programs, use of computers in operational health physics, decontamination and decommissioning, dosimetry, emergency response, environmental health physics, industrial operations, medical health physics, new procedure development, non-ionizing radiation, radiation measurements, radioactive waste disposal, radon measurement and control, risk communication, shielding evaluation and specification, staffing levels for health physics programs, and unwanted or orphan sources. That is not to say that there are no operational papers dealing with specific areas of health physics, such as power reactor health physics, accelerator health physics, or governmental health physics. On the contrary, there have been a number of excellent operational papers from individuals in these specialty areas and they are included in the broader topics listed above. A listing and review of all the operational papers that have been published is beyond the scope of this discussion. However, a sampling of the excellent operational papers that have appeared in Health Physics and Operational Radiation Safety is presented to give the reader the flavor of the wide variety of concerns to the operational health physicist and the current areas of interest where procedures are being refined and solutions to problems are being developed.
The EC (Enzyme Commission) numbers represent a hierarchical classification of enzymatic reactions, but they are also commonly utilized as identifiers of enzymes or enzyme genes in the analysis of complete genomes. This duality of the EC numbers makes it possible to link the genomic repertoire of enzyme genes to the chemical repertoire of metabolic pathways, the process called metabolic reconstruction. Unfortunately, there are numerous reactions known to be present in various pathways, but they will never get EC numbers because the EC number assignment requires published articles on full characterization of enzymes. Here we report a computerized method to automatically assign the EC numbers up to the sub-subclasses, i.e., without the fourth serial number for substrate specificity, given pairs of substrates and products. The method is based on a new classification scheme of enzymatic reactions, named the RC (reaction classification) number. Each reaction in the current dataset of the EC numbers is first decomposed into reactant pairs. Each pair is then structurally aligned to identify the reaction center, the matched region, and the difference region. The RC number represents the conversion patterns of atom types in these three regions. We examined the correspondence between computationally assigned RC numbers and manually assigned EC numbers by the jackknife cross-validation test and found that the EC sub-subclasses could be assigned with the accuracy of about 90%. Furthermore, we examined the correlation with genomic information as represented by the KEGG ortholog clusters (OC) and confirmed that the RC numbers are correlated not only with elementary reaction mechanisms but also with protein families.
Consensus is growing that a health care information and communication infrastructure is one key to fixing the crisis in the United States in health care quality, cost, and access. The National Health Information Infrastructure (NHII) is an initiative of the Department of Health and Human Services receiving bipartisan support. There are many possible courses toward its objective. Decision makers need to reflect carefully on which approaches are likely to work on a large enough scale to have the intended beneficial national impacts and which are better left to smaller projects within the boundaries of health care organizations. This report provides a primer for use by informatics professionals as they explain aspects of that dividing line to policy makers and to health care leaders and front-line providers. It then identifies short-term, intermediate, and long-term steps that might be taken by the NHII initiative.