PubMed · 5925176
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J M Cole. 1966. Bone conduction changes following stapes surgery.. https://doi.org/10.1288/00005537-196608000-00006
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OBJECTIVE: We applied mutation screening in seven cochlear implant users to identify those persons with GJB2-related deafness to determine whether etiology of deafness was predictive of speech performance after implantation. METHODS: Direct sequence of GJB2 was conducted over seven cochlear implant users with prelingual hearing impairment and their speech, language and cognitive performance was examined. RESULTS: The three persons with GJB2-related deafness had a mean vocabulary of 1243 words compared to a mean vocabulary of 195 words in the four children with GJB2-unrelated deafness, although the number of patients examined here was limited. The developmental quotient (DQ) of cognitive ability also was higher in those children with GJB2-related deafness. CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary results suggest that better speech performance after cochlear implantation may be observed in persons with GJB2-related deafness. In the future, detailed phenotypic studies and mutation screening for non-syndromic hearing loss may play an important role in the preoperative assessment of prelingually-deafened children.
Turning fork tests are used routinely by many otologists. A different group of otologists find the tests inconsistent and unreliable. This controversy has probably developed because the audiometer has replaced the tuning fork in hearing measurement. Some principles of the Weber- and Rinne-tuning fork test are shortly described. The necessary control of pure tone audiometry by tuning forks is pointed out. The value particularly in the diagnosis of conductive hearing loss, and the tuning fork's limitations are discussed.
The use of quartz tuning forks for biosensor applications is investigated. The basis of the sensor is to coat the tuning fork surfaces with specific biomolecules and measure subsequent mass loading from the selective binding of complementary analytes. Two experimental set-ups are evaluated, direct mechanical excitation and self-excitation. Mechanical excitation is achieved by mounting the fork on a piezoelectric plate and it is found that the change in oscillation amplitude on adsorption can be monitored to give the change in mass. However, a major drawback is that the sensitivity is determined by the Q-factor, which varies significantly between different sensors and different experimental arrangements. In self-excitation mode, tuning fork motion is activated and detected by placing the fork within a tuned circuit. Using self-excitation mode, anti-human IgG modified tuning forks can sense the binding of human IgG in the range of 5-100 microg ml(-1). The significance of this study is that quartz tuning forks are routinely made using standard microfabrication process, thus suggesting the possibility of facile microfabrication of arrays of quartz sensors.