PubMed · 6007183
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M S Mulla. 1966. Chemosterilants.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6007183/
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Based on a literature survey, the possibilities of a genetic control of the German cockroach (Blattella germanica) are shown. First, an oversight is given on the cytogenetics of the German cockroach, including some important mutations. Then the control methods by genetic mechanisms are explained. This chapter begins with analysing the relevant biological pecularities. In control measures, the dominant lethal mutations (induced by rays rich with energy and by chemosterilants) have only a chance if they can be applied in the scope of autosterilization of natural populations. Reciprocal translocations may expect maximum consideration in the future of the control of the German cockroach. Some of these are already available in the heterozygote state. But the establishment of homozygous strains was not yet successful up to now. The possibilities of the application of translocation-heterozygotes are discussed. Such mutant strains of cockroaches which bear several translocations in the heterozygous state, offer the most promising way of control. This may even include the population's eradication. A long-lasting regulation of the population may be achieved with the introduction of insects mutated in this manner even in the case if a complete eradication is not attainable. It might be expected that also other genetic mechanisms may contribute, in future, to the improvement of cockroach control. Such mechanisms may be conditional lethal factors, sex distortions, and others more.
Chemosterilants, i.e., chemical compounds that interfere with the reproduction potential of sexually reproducing organisms, can be used in three new approaches to insect control. In the sterile-insect release technique, the principal problem is to develop compounds and methods for their application that would not result in introducing harmful residues into the environment. Because of the unusual and often unique circumstances connected with releasing large numbers of sterilized insects, the residue problem and its cost-benefit aspects must be examined individually for each intended control or eradication program. In the direct application technique, chemosterilants must meet the same efficiency and safety standards required from approved insecticides. Combined insecticidal and sterilizing activity is characteristic for some compounds now being investigated. In the genetic technique, chemosterilants may be used for inducing heritable changes in the insect's genome under laboratory conditions, and such procedures would not present any residue problems. Only the first two chemosterilant techniques are approaching practical application, and their safety aspects require detailed evaluation and assessment.
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