PubMed · 6024700
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H T Andersen. 1967-06-01. [Physiological thermoregulation].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6024700/
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The wind chill index (WCI) and the more widely used wind chill equivalent temperature represent an attempt to combine several weather-related variables (temperature, wind velocity and solar radiation) into a single index which can indicate human comfort. Since its introduction in 1945, the WCI has been criticized mainly on the ground that the underlying model does not comply with modern heat transfer theory. In spite of that, the WCI, "calibrated" to human comfort, has proven to be successful in predicting discomfort and tolerance of man to the cold. Nevertheless, neither the WCI nor the wind chill equivalent temperature can be actually measured and, therefore, without the additional 'calibration' they are meaningless. In this study we have shown that the WCI represents the instantaneous rate of heat loss from bare skin at the moment of exposure to the cold, and as such, it correlates reasonably well with measurable variables that represent a feeling of cold. Two new wind chill indicators have been introduced: exposed skin temperature and maximum exposure time. These indicators yield more information than the WCI provides, are measurable, have physical meaning and are based on established heat transfer principles.
The paper describes a technique by which it may be possible to locate and analyse neural activity within the brain by a non-invasive and non-contact method with (in principle) an unlimited bandwidth. The method detects the rapid temperature fluctuations which are believed to accompany individual action potentials and other neural phenomena, and which should be detectable as a noise-like fluctuation of thermal infra-red radiation, with components up to several hundred Hz. It differs from conventional surface thermography in that it ignores changes of mean temperature in blood vessels etc. and transfer of heat to the skull surface by conduction or blood flow. Energy is assumed to travel only as infra-red radiation directly from the neural material to the detector, and as such the signal is very heavily attenuated by the water content of the skull and other intervening material. Available data suggest that the viability of the method is considerably reduced by this factor. None the less, the scarcity of reliable data on the temperature fluctuations themselves and the immense advantages of the technique, should it be successfully developed, suggest that it warrants detailed theoretical and experimental study.
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