PubMed · 6041676
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C T Tart. 1967. Random output selector for the laboratory.. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1967.tb02730.x
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In this Presidential Address, the contribution of the International Organization of Psychophysiology (IOP) to the 20th century is summarized. Its official relationship with the United Nations and other international bodies is discussed. Future trends paving the way for the 21st Century as the 'Century of the Brain' are emphasized. The importance of psychophysiology to Humanity is underlined.
Despite publication of many well-argued critiques of null hypothesis testing (NHT), behavioral science researchers continue to rely heavily on this set of practices. Although we agree with most critics' catalogs of NHT's flaws, this article also takes the unusual stance of identifying virtues that may explain why NHT continues to be so extensively used. These virtues include providing results in the form of a dichotomous (yes/no) hypothesis evaluation and providing an index (p value) that has a justifiable mapping onto confidence in repeatability of a null hypothesis rejection. The most-criticized flaws of NHT can be avoided when the importance of a hypothesis, rather than the p value of its test, is used to determine that a finding is worthy of report, and when p approximately equal to .05 is treated as insufficient basis for confidence in the replicability of an isolated non-null finding. Together with many recent critics of NHT, we also urge reporting of important hypothesis tests in enough descriptive detail to permit secondary uses such as meta-analysis.