PubMed · 6077721
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A W Farmer, W K Lindsay. 1967. Indirect pedicle dermis-fat flaps.. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006534-196740060-00012
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Decellularized tissues provide biological cues owing to the wealth of structural and regulatory factors that promote angiogenesis, adipogenesis, and myogenesis and facilitate neurite outgrowth. Here, we demonstrated the advantages of decellularized adipose tissue (adipoECM) over defined collagen-based biomaterials for host tissue integration. Three batches of human adipose tissue were decellularized using a rapid decellularization protocol and analyzed using mass spectrometry. To assess the biological activity of the decellularized materials, adipoECM and a reference standard of care biomaterial (Integra®DRT, also containing collagen I and glycosaminoglycans) were implanted subcutaneously, but far from the wound bed (in anatomical potential spaces) of immunocompetent BALB/c mice. The mice were euthanized in the acute (1 day) and chronic (day 60) inflammatory reaction phases, followed by biomaterial excision and Masson’s trichrome immunohistofluorescence imaging of the paraffin-embedded specimens. Each batch of processed tissue passed a quality control check, showing a low level of donor genomic DNA, lack of nuclei, lipids, endotoxins, and bacterial contamination. Mass spectrometry revealed that all batches of decellularized tissue mainly contained collagen I and, to a lesser degree, collagen III, collagen IV, collagen V, laminin, fibrillin, fibronectin, tenascin, and elastin. No acute inflammatory reaction was observed in either material one day post-transplantation. At 60 days post-implantation, different cell types were detected in adipoECM specimens, whereas Integra®DRT remained acellular. Additional immunohistochemical staining of adipoECM revealed CD31-positive cells in the blood vessels. Mesenchymal (CD90 positive) and myeloid (CD14 positive) cells were also detected. Primary cell types involved in soft tissue healing and remodeling were found in the adipoECM-treated group. The ingrowth of blood vessels and mesenchymal cells confirmed the effective integration of adipoECM with host tissues. Our results demonstrate that decellularized adipose tissue implanted away from the wound bed possesses contextual biological activities that promote efficient integration with host tissues.
Healing of biomaterial implants varies depending on the type and structure of material and the tissue surrounding the implant. In this study we examined structural differences of 30 microm, 60 microm, and 100 microm expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) using scanning electron microscopy, and we also investigated differences in healing for these three different porosity ePTFE grafts implanted within subcutaneous tissue and adipose tissue. Scanning electron microscopic examination of 30 microm, 60 microm, and 100 microm ePTFE revealed structural differences and differences in fiber density within the internodal space. Circular patches (6 mm in diameter) of 30 microm ePTFE were implanted within subcutaneous tissue and epididymal fat pads of male Sprague-Dawley rats. After 5 weeks, the implants were removed and analyzed for fibrous capsule formation, endothelialization, and for activated monocytes and macrophages in association with the material. Histological evaluation revealed dense fibrous capsule formation surrounding only the 30 microm ePTFE subcutaneous implants. From immunohistochemistry data obtained, we generated an Endothelialization Index (measure of neovascularization) and a Monocyte/Macrophage Index (measure of inflammatory response) for each sample. Consistently, 60 microm ePTFE had the greatest Endothelialization Index at both implant sites while 100 microm ePTFE generally had the largest values for the Monocyte/Macrophage Index. These data indicate that both the structure of the material and the site of implant influence the healing characteristics of ePTFE and suggest that activated monocytes and/or macrophages associated with the implant may inhibit endothelialization of ePTFE.
Elderly women are frequently not referred to cardiac rehabilitation programs. The data provided in this study, which demonstrate the benefits on exercise capacity, obesity indexes, behavioral characteristics, quality of life, and plasma lipids, support the idea that elderly women should be routinely referred to and vigorously encouraged to attend these programs following major coronary artery disease events.