PubMed · 6271442
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E V Dubovsky. 1981. Renal function and imaging studies.. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003072-198110001-00009
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54 healthy volunteers or patients with normal kidney and liver function, 17 patients with decreased kidney function and 12 dialysed patients were evaluated for their serum hippurate accumulation and kidney excretion. It was found that there was an inverse relationship between serum hippurate and the clearance of endogenous creatinine (CCr) and a free relationship between fractional excretion of hippurate and CCr. The excretory capacity in residual nephrons was increased. This was caused by the greater glomerular filtration load which increased up to 25 times and tubular secretion which increased 7 times in dialysed patients. The relative contribution of glomerular filtration to hippurate excretion rose from about 20% in controls to almost 50% in dialysed patients. True kidney adaptation was localized in the organic anion transport system of proximal tubules.
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In aqueous solution hippuraldehyde, PhCONHCH2CHO, is approx. 10-times more extensively hydrated than simple aliphatic aldehydes. Studies of the temperature dependence of the NMR spectrum of hippuraldehyde and its hydrate in 2H2O indicate that the dehydration is endothermic (delta H = 3.9 +/- 0.9 kcal/mol), but entropically favored (delta S = 7.9 +/- 1.9 cal/mol per deg). For simple aliphatic aldehydes the corresponding dehydration is slightly more endothermic, but somewhat more favorable entropically. Fluorescence titration studies show that Kd for the hemithioacetal adduct of hippuraldehyde with papain-SH (1.2 microM at 298 K) is approx. 3000-times smaller than that estimated for simple thiols. Dissociation of hippuraldehyde from papain is endothermic by 18.1 kcal/mol, and this is only partly offset by the favorable entropy change of 33.7 cal/mol per deg. Thus, at least in thermodynamic terms, the binding of this putative 'transition-state analog' to papain is not unlike the binding of other small ligands to the active site of chymotrypsin.