PubMed HealthSearch

PubMed · 6462674

Spatial dissipative structures formed by spontaneous molecular aggregation at interfaces.

Abstract

Interfacial processes as well as formation of dissipative structures have been suggested to play a key role in early pre-biotic evolutionary stages, mainly due to the ability of such processes to induce aggregation and spatial structuring. In this context we would like to draw attention to our recent findings regarding a remarkably wide collection of interfacial chemical reactions which form dissipative spatial structures. Three types of interfacial processes were found to yield this phenomenon: photochemical oxidations at liquid/air and liquid/liquid interfaces; gas/solution reactions; and reactions at membrane surfaces. The phenomenon we describe is the first major example of a network of chemical reactions that develop into macroscopic far-from-equilibrium concentration patterns.

Explore related subjects

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

M Kagan, D Avnir. 1984. Spatial dissipative structures formed by spontaneous molecular aggregation at interfaces.. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00933679

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related citations

Lysine reduces renal accumulation of radioactivity associated with injection of the [177Lu]alpha-[2-(4-aminophenyl) ethyl]-1,4,7,10-tetraaza-cyclodecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid-CC49 Fab radioimmunoconjugate.

The high uptake and prolonged renal retention of monoclonal antibody fragments that are conjugated with radiometal chelates precludes their routine clinical use due to high background counts, which may hinder detection of nearby lesions and/or cause renal radiotoxicity. We report on the potential use of Lys as a pharmacological agent to enhance renal excretion of the [177Lu]alpha-[2-(4-aminophenyl) ethyl]-1,4,7,10-tetraaza-cyclodecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid CC49 Fab ([177Lu]CC49 Fab) radioimmunoconjugate. The monoclonal antibody portion of this complex is directed toward the tumor-associated glycoprotein-72 antigen. Lys was administered to female BALB/c mice by i.p. injections. [177Lu]CC49 Fab bolus injections were given by the i.v. route. Results of our investigations showed that: (a) kidney radioactivity concentrations were inversely related to Lys dose. The optimal dose (50 mg/mouse) evoked a 3-fold reduction in kidney counts; (b) Lys was most effective when injected 15 min before, or at the same time as, [177Lu]CC49 Fab; (c) the renal effect was both rapid (3-fold decrease at 15 min after injection) and prolonged (4-fold decrease at 24 h after injection); (d) a single Lys dose decreased total body radioactivity by > 2.5-fold; (e) urine excretion of radioactivity was enhanced in Lys-treated mice. High pressure liquid chromatographic analyses using a GF-250 column showed that a large fraction of this urine radioactivity coeluted with a [177Lu]CC49 Fab injection standard. We conclude that Lys enhances the urinary excretion of radioactivity associated with [177Lu]CC49 Fab. These observations warrant further study with regard to the use of amino acids or their derivatives as pharmacological agents to enhance the urinary excretion of small-molecule radioimmunoconjugates.

Aniline Compounds

Calcium signals in olfactory neurons.

Laser scanning confocal microscopy in combination with the fluorescent calcium indicators Fluo-3 and Fura-Red was employed to estimate the intracellular concentration of free calcium ions in individual olfactory receptor neurons and to monitor temporal and spatial changes in the Ca(2+)-level upon stimulation. The chemosensory cells responded to odorants with a significant increase in the calcium concentration, preferentially in the dendritic knob. Applying various stimulation paradigma, it was found that in a population of isolated cells, subsets of receptor neurons display distinct patterns of responsiveness.

Aniline Compounds

The aniline blue fluorochrome specifically stains the septum of both live and fixed Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells.

A novel method is described which uses aniline blue for the specific fluorescent staining of the septa of dividing cells of the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe. It gives the same results with live and fixed cells. In fixed or, more generally, dead cells there is no staining of the cytoplasm: this renders aniline blue superior to other dyes previously used to stain the septum of S. pombe. This feature allows quantitative analysis of the septum index for fixed samples and, therefore, makes aniline blue the stain of choice for cell cycle kinetic studies.

Aniline Compounds