PubMed · 6501840
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R D Caplan, R K Naidu, R C Tripathi. 1984. Coping and defense: constellations vs. components.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6501840/
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OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate whether individuals who engage in binge eating appraise and cope with stressful situations in a different manner than people who do not regularly binge eat. METHOD: Female undergraduates participated in a two-part study. The laboratory portion of the study involved participation in two tasks: an interpersonal stressor and an academic stressor. In the second portion of the study, participants completed a daily stress inventory for 1 week. RESULTS: Individuals in the binge group appraised both the laboratory and natural environment stressors as more stressful than did the controls. Differences were evident in the amount and type of coping strategies used between eating groups. The binge group reported using more positive coping strategies and more catastrophizing in both settings. DISCUSSION: Together, the results suggest that appraisal and coping or stress management components may be useful in treatment packages for individuals who binge eat.
Psychological stress has been claimed to contribute to the onset of cancer and to increase mortality from a number of non-malignant diseases. We investigated the effect of a genuine psychological stressor, i.e. cancer in a child, on the incidence of cancer and mortality from non-malignant diseases of 11,231 parents in a Danish nationwide population-based study. The children were identified from records in the Danish Cancer Registry for the period 1943-85; their parents were identified from population registers. Overall, 1665 parental malignancies were diagnosed from the date the cancer of the child was reported until 1992, compared with 1702 expected from national incidence rates, yielding standardized incidence ratios of 1.0 (95% confidence interval, 0.9-1.0) for all parents, 1.0 for mothers and 1.0 for fathers. No statistically significant deviation of the relative risk from unity was seen for any period of follow-up after the stressful event, and no excess risk was seen for any particular type of cancer. Moreover, a total of 2137 parental deaths were observed over the period 1974-92, compared with 2333 expected from national mortality rates, giving an overall standardized mortality ratio of 0.9 (range 0.9-1.0). No excess mortality was seen from causes associated with allergic illness, autoimmune conditions, chronic illness or changes in behaviour. Our data provide no support for the hypothesis of an association between psychological stress and the incidence of cancer or mortality from non-malignant diseases. We conclude that the human organism is highly adaptable, even to extreme psychological stress.
This paper explores lay explanations of developing a cancer disease and 'recovering' from the disease, both phenomena of importance in understanding how information on cancer prevention and recovery is made sense of by non-professionals. The data derive from interviews conducted with persons diagnosed with a malignant disease during 1987 at one hospital in urban Sweden. Forty-six patients were interviewed in 1988-1989, and 20 of those surviving were interviewed again in 1992. Explanations most often appear to be negotiated forth because they are able to fulfil a positive function for the patient in the sickness process. Intricate combinations of explanations were found which avoid individual blame, provide the possibility of positive influence and allow for individual successes. These micro-level explanations are discussed in relation to general discourse about prevention of sickness in our culture.