PubMed · 6565359
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J J Silinsky. 1984. Serum electrolyte studies.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6565359/
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The Dukhin-Deryaguin equation, used in the modern theory of electrophoresis for the calculation of electrophoretic mobility (EPM) in the region of double layer polarization, is known from literature [4-6] in its form (DD1) valid for the equal mobilities of the cation and anion in solutions of symmetrical electrolytes. Here we describe the other version of this equation (DD2), for arbitrary ion mobilities in 1:1 electrolytes. The EPMs calculated from this latter version are in good agreement with an exact computer solution [12]. The use of DD2 is illustrated in a series of EMP vs. IgC curves, calculated for selected examples of negatively charged lipid membranes. In addition, we describe two simplified versions of DD2, which are valid, respectively, for the high zeta potentials and when the electroosmotic component of ions' fluxes at the charged surface is neglected. Comparing DD2 with DD1 shows that the latter equation results in an error which may exceed the experimental dispersion of EPM values in the absence of specific ion binding. This error is reduced if the counter-ion binding is not small; hence, DD1 may also be used in some cases for solutions with arbitrary ion mobilities.
Fetal urinary concentrations of insulin-like growth factor I (UIGF-I) and binding protein 3 (UIGFBP-3) were determined in patients with prenatal diagnosis of bilateral obstructive uropathy. Patients were retrospectively assigned to three groups, on the basis of outcome: group 1, termination of pregnancies (n = 11) with sonographic evidence of severe oligohydramnios or renal dysplasia, confirmed at histological examination; group 2, patients (n = 10) with postnatal plasma creatinine > 50 mumol/l at the age of 1 year (1 yr-pCreat); and group 3, patients (n = 16) with 1 yr-pCreat < or = mumol/l. The results show a significant increase in UIGF-I and UIGFBP-3 in groups 1 (18,159 +/- 9083 pg/ml; 2657 +/- 669 ng/ml) and 2 (1574 +/- 847 pg/ml; 176 +/- 50 ng/ml) in comparison with group 3 (35 +/- 6 pg/ml; 21 +/- 2 ng/ml). UIGF-I and UIGFBP-3 were significantly correlated with postnatal plasma creatinine, and were both sensitive (90 per cent; 80 per cent) and specific (88 per cent; 88 per cent) for prediction of elevated 1 yr-pCreat (> 50 mumol/l). Fetal urinary IGF-I and IGFBP-3 are increased in severe fetal bilateral obstructive uropathy, possibly reflecting tubular dysfunction or/and increased synthesis consequent upon fetal kidney injury. Their predictive value for postnatal renal function needs further assessment.
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of our study was to determine whether sequential vesicocenteses improve the evaluation of renal damage, compared with single urine sampling in obstructive uropathy. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 29 fetuses with complete obstructive uropathy underwent a minimum of three sequential complete vesicocenteses at 48- to 72-hour intervals. First and last urine values were analyzed for multiple parameters. The ability of first versus last urine values to detect the presence of renal damage was compared according to postnatal or fetal autopsy information. RESULTS: Fetuses with minimal renal damage had patterns of decreasing hypertonicity and last urine values below cutoff thresholds indicative of favorable prognosis. Fetuses with significant renal damage had higher initial values and patterns of increasing hypertonicity. For five of six parameters, last urine samples were more predictive of renal damage than first urine samples. CONCLUSION: Last urine values together with pattern-of-change trend analysis after serial vesicocenteses improve diagnostic precision in fetuses with complete obstructive uropathy.